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# Political Ideologies Around 1900 This document describes various political ideologies prevalent around 1900. It presents summaries of Socialism, Liberalism, Communism, Nationalism, and Capitalism, along with Fascism. Each section provides a brief overview of the ideology's core tenets, historic...

# Political Ideologies Around 1900 This document describes various political ideologies prevalent around 1900. It presents summaries of Socialism, Liberalism, Communism, Nationalism, and Capitalism, along with Fascism. Each section provides a brief overview of the ideology's core tenets, historical context, and potential negative consequences. **Socialism:** * Emphasizes equality and solidarity among people. * Emerged during the Industrial Revolution due to poverty and harsh working conditions. * Two types of Socialism: * Democratic Socialism: Worked through unions and gradual social reforms for better working conditions and social justice. * Revolutionary Socialism: Advocated for violent overthrow of existing systems and a complete societal restructuring. **Liberalism:** * Focuses on individual freedom and autonomy. * Arose in the early 19th century, advocating for limitations on government control. * Two types of Liberalism: * Political Liberalism: Limited the power of the state, emphasizing individual rights like freedom of speech and freedom of thought. * Economic Liberalism: Favored a free market with minimal government intervention. **Communism:** * Promotes shared ownership of resources and means of production. * Developed during the 19th century as a response to the social and economic inequalities of industrialization. * Aims to create a classless society. * Often involves dictatorial leadership and suppression of dissent. **Nationalism:** * Emphasizes national identity and interests above all else. * Characterized by a sense of superiority of one's nation compared to others. * Can lead to aggressive foreign policy and conflict. * A prime example includes National Socialism/Nazism in Germany. **Capitalism:** * Originated in the late 18th century in Northern England (Industrial Revolution). * Focuses on private enterprise and the free market. * Often results in uneven wealth distribution. * Requires state interventions to regulate labor and employment **Fascism:** * Developed in Italy in the early 20th century, characterized by Authoritarian, extreme nationalism and intense ultranationalism. * Emphasized an aggressive, dictatorial form of government. * Featured strong, charismatic leaders. * Suppressed dissent and opposition. The document also includes simplified illustrations of groups of people representing the mentioned ideologies.