Political Ideologies Around 1900

Study Notes

Political Ideologies Around 1900

Socialism: Emphasizes equality and solidarity among people. Emerged during industrialization due to rising poverty among workers.
Democratic Socialism: Workers' movements aimed to improve social and economic conditions gradually through reforms. Advocated for democratic government and worker rights.
Revolutionary Socialism: Advocated for overthrowing existing systems through revolution. Often led to authoritarian rule and oppression.
Liberalism: Focuses on individual freedom and limited government intervention in society. Early 19th-century movements opposed government restrictions on citizens and promoted human rights.
Political Liberalism: Sought to curb the power of the state, promoting individual liberty and freedom of thought. Also advocated for democratic elections.
Economic Liberalism: Believed markets should self-regulate without state intervention. This economic concept prioritized individual ownership and trade.
Communism: Advocated shared ownership of resources and the abolition of private property. Sought to establish a classless society and eliminate exploitation.
Terror and repression: Often accompanied communist movements with a focus on forced control.
Nationalism: Promoted the importance of one's nation and often involved mistrust and hostility toward other nations. Often associated with extreme views, including policies damaging to other countries.
Nationalism dangers: National ideologies can be extreme and harmful. This includes aggressive actions towards other nations and groups.
Capitalism: Emerged in late 18th century England (Industrial Revolution). Focuses on private property, free markets, and individual profit. Initial models involved poor working conditions and exploitation of workers.
Capitalism Evolution: Modern systems often include government oversight and worker protections.
Fascism: A political movement emerging in early 20th-century Italy. Characterized by extreme nationalism, authoritarianism, and suppression of opposition.
Fascism Characteristics: Involved authoritarian rule by a single person, suppression of opposition, and propaganda used to manipulate the populace. Expanded aggressively toward other countries.