Reye's-Like Syndrome & NSAIDs Cardiovascular Risks PDF

Reye’s-Like Syndrome: Caused by enzymatic abnormalities, such as medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (affecting beta-oxidation of lipid acids) or ornithine-transcarboxylase inadequacy (resulting in elevated ammonia levels in the blood). Idiopathic Reye’s Syndrome: Found in genetically pr...

Reye’s-Like Syndrome: Caused by enzymatic abnormalities, such as medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (affecting beta-oxidation of lipid acids) or ornithine-transcarboxylase inadequacy (resulting in elevated ammonia levels in the blood). Idiopathic Reye’s Syndrome: Found in genetically predisposed individuals and associated with exogenous factors triggering metabolic defects. These factors include the ingestion of salicylates, paracetamol, certain toxins (e.g., aflatoxin), and viral infections (commonly chickenpox, influenza A or B, adenoviruses, and hepatitis A viruses). Microvesicular fatty degeneration of the liver and noninflammatory encephalopathy are key characteristics of Reye’s syndrome. Common findings include low blood sugar, elevated ammonia levels, and bleeding disorders. Organic, amino, and free fatty acids are often elevated in serum and urine due to impaired metabolic steps and enzyme activities in the mitochondria, affecting processes like the citric acid cycle, glucose formation from non-carbohydrates, urea formation, and β-oxidation. The primary etiological factors involve universal mitochondrial injury and triglyceride accumulations. Reye’s syndrome typically affects children and teenagers recovering from viral illnesses, with varicella zoster and influenza virus being the most common culprits. While classically associated with a preceding infection and salicylate consumption, cases have been observed with other non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, including diclofenac sodium and mefenamic acid. Additionally, correlations with the intake of paracetamol, obsolete TTC, valproic acid, warfarin, AZT, and certain anticancer medicines have been reported. A Mini Review on Origins, Mechanisms, and Treatment Approaches for Reye’s Syndrome https://www.acadwise.com/open-access/a-mini-review-on-origins-mechanisms-and- treatmentapproaches-for-522.pdf Cardiovascular risks of NSAIDs Nonsteroidal ani inflammatory drugs NSAIDs can increas cardiovascular risk , particulary with long term use or in higher doses. This includes: 1. Increased blood pressure: NSAIDs may cause fluid retention and hypertension 2. Heart Attack and stroke: Some studies have linked certain NSAIDs , especially selective COX-2 inhibitors to a higher risk of myocardial infarction and stroke 3. Heart failure: long-term use can exacerbate heart failure due to fluid retention It’s important for individuals with existing cardiovascular conditions to use NSAIDs cautiously and under medical supervision Name: Norhan mosbah Mahmoud ID: 6221297