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# Introduction to Quantitative Research ## What is Quantitative Research Quantitative research is a systematic investigation that uses numerical or statistical data to quantify the problem and determine the relationship between two or more variables. ### Characteristics of Quantitative Research...

# Introduction to Quantitative Research ## What is Quantitative Research Quantitative research is a systematic investigation that uses numerical or statistical data to quantify the problem and determine the relationship between two or more variables. ### Characteristics of Quantitative Research - Data is collected through structured research instruments - Results are based on larger sample sizes that are representative of the population - Research study can be replicated or repeated, given its reliability - Researchers have clearly defined research questions to which objective answers are sought - All aspects of the study are carefully designed before data is collected - Data is in the form of numbers and statistics, often arranged in tables, charts, figures, or other non-textual forms - Projects can be used to generalize concepts more widely, predict future results, or investigate causal relationships - Researcher uses tools, such as questionnaires or computer software, to collect numerical data ## Types of Quantitative Research ### Descriptive Research - Seeks to describe the current status of a variable or phenomenon - Researcher does not begin with a hypothesis, but develops one after the data is collected - Data collection is mostly observational in nature - Example: A study to determine the mobile phone preferences of teenagers ### Correlational Research - Attempts to determine the extent of a relationship between two or more variables using statistical data - Relationships between and among a large number of facts are sought - Example: A study to determine the relationship between student absenteeism and academic performance ### Experimental Research - Attempts to establish cause-effect relationships among a group of variables - An independent variable is manipulated to determine the effects on the dependent variables - Employ common tools such as control groups, random assignment, and pre- and post-tests - Example: A study to determine the effect of positive reinforcement on student attendance