Impact of Technology on Family Income & Employment of Small Rice Farmers (1972) PDF

The Impact of Technology on Family Income and Employment of Small Rice Farmers by Ernesto P. Abarientos (1972) Dr. Patrick C. De Leon Associate Professor UP Diliman Extension Program in Pampanga  Outline of Presentation...

The Impact of Technology on Family Income and Employment of Small Rice Farmers by Ernesto P. Abarientos (1972) Dr. Patrick C. De Leon Associate Professor UP Diliman Extension Program in Pampanga  Outline of Presentation 1. The Author 2. Background 3. Purpose and Method of Analysis 4. The Farmer-Cooperators and the Data 5. Hypotheses 6. Summary and Conclusion  The Author  Ernesto P Abarientos  Department of Agricultural Economics  University of the Philippines Los Baños  Workshop on Manpower and Human Resources, October 13-15, 1972  Background Context  agricultural economy  inequitable distribution of income  surplus agricultural labor  new technology – use of improved varieties and accompanying input requirements  Background Farm Record Keeping Project (FRKP)  Department of Agricultural Economics, UP College of Agriculture  Intent: to develop a farm record book that farmers could use in planning and operating farms  Through weekly visits these records were updated and became the basis of information for the paper  Purpose and Method of Analysis  Show changes that occurred in family incomes and employment as affected by the changes on resource use and productivity on the farm  Crop years under consideration: Pre-HYV (from 1962-1963 to 1965-1966); Post-HYV (from 1966-1967 to 1969-1970)  Purpose and Method of Analysis  Method of discussion: case to case basis  Clear picture of the changes in each farm  Avoid statistical bias on non- randomness of samples  Averages of all famer cooperators may result in distortion  The Farmer-Cooperators and the Data No. of No. of Cooperators Province Municipality Cooperators per per Municipality Province Cabuyao 4 Calauan 5 Laguna 35 Lumban 18 Pila 8 Tanauan 1 Batangas 3 Sto. Tomas 2 Total 38  The Farmer-Cooperators and the Data Scope and Limitations  16 cooperators from Laguna  15 cooperators during 1962- 1970  1 cooperator during 1962-1969  All 16 cooperators operated lowland irrigated rice farms  Hypotheses 1. Higher yield is brought about by the increased use of fertilizer and agricultural chemicals. 2. Because of highly specialized farm chores, the need for hired labor increases more rapidly than the need for family labor. 3. Increased use of fertilizer and other inputs brings about the increase in cash costs of operation. 4. The use of HYV increases the net share of the farmer. 5. If hypothesis no. 2 is true, then it is possible that family labor brings about the increase in other incomes.  Summary and Conclusion  12/16 or 75% of farms: high correlation between crop yield and use of fertilizer and agricultural chemicals  4/16 or 25% of farms: use of fertilizer and agricultural chemicals brought about little or no effect on crop yield  12/16 or 75% of farms: the need for hired labor increased more rapidly than the need for family labor  4/16 or 25% of farms: use of family labor was greater than the use of hired labor  16/16 or 100% of farms: cash costs of operation increased during the post-HYV period (biggest increase: fertilizers, herbicides, and insecticides)  Summary and Conclusion  16/16 or 100% of farmers had several odd jobs which were the sources of additional income  13/16 or 81% of farmers received better income from other sources as a result of the contraction of family labor on these odd jobs