Types of Solutions Chemistry 1 PDF

Learning Guide Module Subject Code CHEM 1 General Inorganic Chemistry LG Code 9.0 Solutions Lesson Code 9.1 Types of Solution Time Frame 30 minutes Components Tasks TA ATA...

Learning Guide Module Subject Code CHEM 1 General Inorganic Chemistry LG Code 9.0 Solutions Lesson Code 9.1 Types of Solution Time Frame 30 minutes Components Tasks TA ATA (min) (min) a b Target After completing this learning guide, students are expected 1 to: 1. Define the components of a solution. 2. Differentiate saturated, unsaturated and supersaturated solutions. Hook In your previous lesson, you learned about mixtures and solution. Mixtures 4 are classified as homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures. Solutions are homogeneous mixtures. Let’s review the similarities & difference between mixtures and solutions. Mixtures Solutions The substances can be easily The substances cannot be easily separated separated Can be separated in their original New substance is formed physical properties A mixture of spaghetti & meatballs A mixture of salt and water  In this module, we are going to discuss the types of solutions based on saturation. Chemistry 1 Types of Solution Page 1 of 8 The illustrations below are examples of solutions. Can you tell what types of solutions are these? (A) (B) (C) Figure 1: Solutions A,B, & C have the same solute and solvent but have different levels of saturation. (chem.libretexts.org) You have probably guessed the right answers! But before we answer the question, let’s learn or review the definition of terms and the types of solutions.  Ignite Definition of Terms 15 Solution is a homogeneous mixture of two or more substances. This is made up of a solute and a solvent. Solvent is the component of solution which is present in the greatest amount. It can be solid, liquid, or gas. This is the dissolution agent or this dissolves the solute. Solute is another component of solution. This is the substance or particles dissolved by the solvent. This can be solid, liquid, or gas. Dissolution. This is the dissolving process of the solute. Crystallization. This is the opposite of dissolution. In this process the solute is undissolved. Concentrated solution. This solution contains a large amount of dissolved solute. Chemistry 1 Types of Solution Page 2 of 8  Dilute solution. This solution contains a small amount of dissolved solute. Types of solutions based on its saturation. 1. Saturated solution. This solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved by the solvent. This is the point wherein no more solute is dissolved as shown by the small amount of undissolved solute in the final solution. A saturated solution contains solute at a concentration equal to its solubility. (Initial) (Final) represents the rate of dissolution Blue arrow represents the rate of crystallization Figure 2: Saturated solution (chem.libretexts.org) When the rate of dissolution is a little less than the rate of crystallization, the solution has reached its saturation point in which additional amount of solute could no longer be dissolved. Since the solvent has already dissolved the maximum amount of solute added, a few solid solute particles will remain undissolved. There are many recipes in the kitchen that can be used to illustrate saturated solutions. Sugar or salt in water are some of the examples. Salt dissolves readily in water but sugar dissolves better at hotter temperature. Once there is enough amount of salt or sugar that has been added to the water to saturate it, some or a few of the salt or sugar crystals will no longer dissolve, often you can see these undissolved substances as precipitates at the bottom of the container that holds the solution. 2. Unsturated solution. This solution contains less than the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved by the solvent. In this type of solution, all of the solutes are completely dissolved as shown in the final solution. (This has little amount of solute than the saturated solution) Chemistry 1 Types of Solution Page 3 of 8  (Initial) (Final) The rate dissolution is greater than the rate of crystallization. Figure 3: Unsaturated solution (chem.libretexts.org) When the rate of dissolution is greater than the rate of crystallization, the solution has not reached its saturation level yet in which additional amount of solute will be readily dissolved by the solvent at a given temperature. Since the solvent is capable of dissolving more solutes, no undissolved solute particles are visible or remain undissolved. If you add a spoonful of sugar in a glass of water and has been completely dissolved, and if there are no sugar particles remain undissolved or visible in the solution, then the sugar solution is said to be unsaturated solution. 3. Supersaturated solution. This solution contains more than the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved by the solvent. This solution contains greater amount of undissolved solute than the saturated solution. (This has more amount of solute than the saturated solution). A supersaturated solution contains an amount of solute with a concentration that exceeds its solubility. (Initial) (Final) The rate of crystallization is much greater than the rate of  dissolution. Figure 4: Supersaturated solution (chem.libretexts.org) (chem.libretexts.org) Chemistry 1 Types of Solution Page 4 of 8  When the rate of crystallization is much greater than the rate of dissolution at a given temperature, the solute concentration exceeds its solubility. The amount of solute added is more than the solvent can dissolve as shown by the presence of a significant amount of undissolved solute or precipitates in the container that holds the solution. Example: A supersaturated sugar solution. According to the solubility of sucrose, at room temperature, approximately 200 g of sucrose can be dissolved in 100 mL of water. If 400g of sucrose has been added to 100 mL of water, the excess amount of sucrose will remain undissolved thus the solution is said to be supersaturated. Solutions can also be classified according to the phases of the solute and solvent. The molecular structures and the strengths of intermolecular forces of attraction determine the solubility of a solute in a given solvent. The solubility of most solids increases with increasing temperature. For gaseous solutions, the solubility decreases with increasing temperature. The interactions that determine the solubility of a substance in a liquid solution depend largely on the chemical nature of the solute (such as whether it is ionic or molecular) rather than on its physical state (solid, liquid, or gas). Examples of Solutions. Solutions Acts as the Acts as the Types of solute solvent solutions based on the solute solvent phase Air (air consists of oxygen nitrogen gas-gas gas, O2(g) gas, N2(g) 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, & 1% of other gases (like traces of Ar, CO2, H2O)) Carbon dioxide in CO2 (g) H2O(l) gas-liquid water Brass (Alloy of Cu(s) Zn (s) Solid-solid copper & zinc)  alcohol & water are Alcohol (l) Water, Liquid-liquid H2O(l) miscible Chemistry 1 Types of Solution Page 5 of 8 Let’s answer the question in the Hook section. (A) (B) (C) Solutions A,B, & C have the same solute and solvent but they differ in their saturation. Solution A has more undissolved solute as shown by the particles on the bottom of the container. The rate of crystallization is greater than the dissolution rate. These undissolved solutes may be dissolved by heating the solution. This solution is supersaturated. Solution B has little amount of undissolved solute. The rate of crystallization is a little higher than the rate of dissolution. This solution is saturated. Solution C has no undissolved solute. The rate of dissolution is greater than the rate of crystallization. This solution is unsaturated. Navigate Graded Formative Assessment (15 points) 9 1. Give 3 examples of solutions that you can find at home. Determine which substance in a the solution acts as the solute and which acts as the solvent and indicate the solute & solvent phases. (12 points) Solutions Acts as Acts as Phases of the solute the solvent solute-solvent Chemistry 1 Types of Solution Page 6 of 8 2. Identify the types of solution as saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated based on the given descriptions of the solutions. (3 points) Solutions Types of solution saturation 1. One pack of sugar crystals is added in a container with water. All of the sugar crystals are dissolved. No solute particles settled on the bottom. 2. Another pack of sugar crystals is added in the same container. All of the sugar crystals are dissolved except for a few crystals settled on the bottom. 3. A third pack of sugar crystals is added in the same container. None of the crystals are dissolved. They all settled on the bottom of the container.  Knot In summary, solution is also a mixture but a homogeneous type of mixture. 1 It consists of solute and solvent which can be both solid, liquid, gases, or a combination of any two of the three phases. The solution is classified in terms of its saturation as saturated, unsaturated, or supersaturated. The saturated solution contains the maximum amount of solute that can be dissolved in the solvent. The unsaturated solution contains lesser amount of solute than the saturated solution. The supersaturated solution contains more solute than the saturated solution. a TA – time allocation suggested by the teacher References: b ATA- actual time allocation spent by the student (for information purposes only) Chemistry 1 Types of Solution Page 7 of 8 References: 1. Brown, T.L., LeMay, H.E., Bursten, B.E., Murphy, C.J., and Woodward, P.M. (2012) Chemistry: The Central Science, (12th Edition). Pearson Publishing Inc. 2. Petrucci, Ralph H., Herring, F. Geoffrey., Madura, Jeffrey D., Bissonnette, Carey, (2011) General Chemistry: Principles and Modern Applications (10th Edition) Pearson Canada Inc. al_an 3. Types of saturation. Retrieved from https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physic d_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theor etical_Chemistry)/Equilibria/Solubilty/Types_of_Saturation. Prepared by: Rosalie D. Buban Reviewed by: Princess Ann Digneneng Position: SST-III Position: SST-II  Campus: PSHS-CARC Campus: PSHS-CLC © 2020 Philippine Science High School System. All rights reserved. This document may contain proprietary information and may only be released to third parties with approval of management. Document is uncontrolled unless otherwise marked; uncontrolled documents are not subject to update notification. Chemistry 1 Types of Solution Page 8 of 8