Aging Oral Changes PDF
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Uploaded by PowerfulBlueTourmaline4700
Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
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Summary
This document provides a detailed overview of the oral changes associated with aging. The text discusses various aspects of aging, including changes in tooth structures, oral mucosa, periodontal ligaments, and histology of hard and soft tissues. It emphasizes the progressive decline in biological functions and the increase in vulnerability to diseases.
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6/9/16 Learning outcome At the end of the learning session, students should be able to...
6/9/16 Learning outcome At the end of the learning session, students should be able to v Describe the changes seen on the tooth structures, oral mucosa, periodontal ligament related to aging v Explain the changes seen in the histology of the hard and soft tissues of the teeth and the surrounding structures as age increases v To recognize these changes as being non pathological with increase in age. AGING Natural stage in human life cycle > 65 year old “diminished and altered” “progressive decline in the ability to respond effectively to the stresses of a dynamic environment” Increase Reduce vulnerability to function pathological process ENAMEL Perikymata & imbrication lines are lost More brittle Susceptible to chipping Darkening of enamel Thickness of enamel reduced – tooth wear Abrasion Attrition 1 6/9/16 DENTINE Age related changes Reparative/secondary dentine Line that separates secondary to primary dentine? Number of tubules reduced. Number of odontoblasts declines. Dead tracts Sclerotic or Transparent dentine Formation? Tertiary dentine – response to injury 2 6/9/16 PULP Progressive decrease in size – secondary dentine Decrease in number, size and cytoplasmic organelles Vascularity and innervation – decline Becomes more fibrous Pulp stones True False Other classification: Free, Attached, embedded 3 6/9/16 True pulp stones False pulp Traces of dentinal tubules Presence of odontoblasts stones Rare Towards apical foramen Non-specific calcifications Concentric layers CEMENTUM Attached Free Continues to be laid throughout life Deposited rhythmically - ? Formed at root apex in much greater amounts Thickening of cementum (hyoercementosis) 4 6/9/16 PERIODONTIUM Decrease in cellularity Fat cells appear within PDL Multinucleated fibroblastic cells Cementicles: Calcified body Lie free Fuse into large calcified mass Joined with cementum Excementosis Cementum envelops cementicles Increase suscptibility to periodontal disease ALVEOLAR BONE Progressive reduction of bone height Atrophy of alveolar bone – tooth loss à Loss of facial height Levels of cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX2) enzyme decline Delayed bone healing ORAL MUCOSA Clinical appearance altered Mucosal trauma Mucosal disease Salivary gland hypofunction Declining immunological responsiveness 5 6/9/16 ORAL MUCOSA - ORAL MUCOSA TONGUE Epithelium becomes thinner Depapillation Loses elasticity Fissuring Atrophy Degeneration of taste buds and reduction in total number SALIVARY GLANDS Decrease amount of glandular tissue Increase amount of fibrous tissue, fat cells, inflammatory cells and oncocytes Loos of parenchyma Diminish salivary output - leads to dry mouth (xerostomia) 6
