Muscles Part 2 PDF

König/Liebich Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals: Textbook and Colour Atlas Name Origin Insertion Function Innervation The extrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb originate on the neck and thorax and extend to the scapula or humerus as far d...

König/Liebich Veterinary Anatomy of Domestic Mammals: Textbook and Colour Atlas Name Origin Insertion Function Innervation The extrinsic muscles of the thoracic limb originate on the neck and thorax and extend to the scapula or humerus as far distally as the elbow joint. 1. M. trapezius (pars cervicalis, pars thoracica) 2. M. rhomboideus (cervicis et thoracis)+capitis (Su, Car) 3. M. latissimus dorsi 4. M. omotransversarius 5. M. serratus ventralis (cervicis et thoracis) 6. M. pectorales superficiales (M. pectorales descendens et transversus) 7. M. pectoralis profundus (+M. subclavius (Eq)) 8. M. brachiocephalicus: Horse: Ox, Sheep, Goat, Pig: Dog, Cat: -M. cleidomastoideus -M. cleidooccipitalis -M. cleidomastoidea -M. cleidobrachialis -M. cleidomastoideus -M. cleidocervicalis -M. cleidobrachialis -M. cleidobrachialis 1 Horse Goat *M. cleidomastoideus *M. cleidooccipitalis *M. brachiocephalicus M. trapezius M. latissimus dorsi M. omotransversarius *M. cleidobrachialis M. pectorales superficiales M. Serratus ventralis thoracis M. pectoralis profundus 2  M. Pectorales superficiales/M. pectoralis profundus Dog sversus undus cendens erficialis  Muscles of the shoulder joint  Muscles of the elbow joint  Muscles of the radioulnar joints (car)  Muscles of the carpal joint  Muscles of the digits 3  Muscles of the shoulder joint: Muscles of the elbow joint:  Flexors:  Flexors:  M. biceps brachii  M. deltoideus:  M. brachialis Extensors: Pars acromialis (Ru, Car)   M. triceps brachii: Pars scapularis Caput longum  M. teres major Caput laterale Caput mediale  M. teres minor Caput accesorius (Car)  Extensors:  M. anconeus  M. tensor fasciae antebrachii  M. supraspinatus  M. coracobrachialis Muscles of the radioulnar joints  M. biceps brachii (Carnivores): Rotators:  Supinator:  M. Infraspinatus  M. Supinator  M. Brachioradialis abductor, partly flexor.  Pronator:  M. Subscapularis  M. Pronator teres M. Pronator quadratus adductor, partly extensor.  Horse 4 Horse Horse M. teres minor M. anconeus 5 Dog A-lateral B-medial 1. M. rhomboideus (partly removed) 2. M. teres major 3. M. supraspinatus 4. M. deltoideus (pars scapularis) 4‘. M. deltoideus (pars acromialis) 5. M. latissimus dorsi (partly removed) 6. M. triceps brachii (caput longum) 6‘. M. triceps brachii (caput laterale) 6“. M. triceps brachii (caput mediale) 7. M. brachiocephalicus (partly removed) 8. M. brachialis 9. M. subscapularis 10. M. coracobrachialis 11. M. tensor fasciae antebrachii 12. M. biceps brachii 6  Flexors:  M. Flexor carpi radialis  M. Flexor carpi ulnaris  M. Extensor carpi ulnaris  Extensors:  M. Extensor carpi radialis  M. Abductor digiti I (pollicis) longus 7   Flexors:  M. Flexor digitalis superficialis  M. Flexor digitalis profundus: -Caput humerale -Caput radiale -Caput ulnare  Extensors:  M. extensor digitalis communis  M. extensor digitalis lateralis 1 2 34 8 1 2 346 5 Lateral 5 9 9 5 M. abductor policis longus 8 M. flexor digitalis prof. 1 M. extensor carpi radialis 2 M. extensor digitalis communis 9 M. interosseus 3 M. extensor digitalis lateralis 6 M. flexor carpi ulnaris 4 M. extensor carpi ulnaris 7 8  M. Flexor digitalis profundus Cat Stay apparatus in the thoracic limb of a horse 9  Muscles of the hip joint  Muscles of the stifle joint  Muscles of the tarsal joints  Muscles of the digits  Flexors: Adductors:  M. gluteus superficialis (Eq)  M. gracilis  M. tensor fasciae latae  M. adductor  M. sartorius:  M. pectineus Pars cranialis (car) Pars caudalis (car) Abductors:  M. pectineus  M. gluteus profundus  M. quadriceps femoris (part of M.  M. biceps femoris rectus femoris)  M. abductor cruris caudalis (Car)  Extensors: Rotators:  M. gluteus superficialis (except  Supinator: horse)  M. gluteus medius  M. obturatorius externus Deepest  M. piriformis (Car)  M. obturatorius internus layer  M. biceps femoris:  Mm. gemelli -Caput vertebrale  Pronator: -Caput ischiadicum  M. gluteus superficialis  M. gluteobiceps (ox and sheep)  M. semitendinosus  M. semitendinosus  M. semimembranosus  M. semimembranosus  M. quadratus femoris 10   Flexors:  M. popliteus (main) Also helps - M. semitendinosus, M. triceps surae  Extensors:  M. quadriceps femoris (main): -M. rectus femoris -M. vastus lateralis -M. vastus intermedius -M. vastus medialis Also helps - M. tensor fasciae latae, M. biceps femoris Dog Lateral 11 Dog A-lateral; B-medial. 1. M. sartorius; 2. M. tensor fasciae latae; 3. M. gluteus medius; 4. M. gluteus superficialis; 5. M. biceps femoris; 6. M. semimembranosus; 7. M. semitendinosus; 12. M. quadriceps femoris; 13. M. pectineus; 14. M. adductor; 15. M. gracilis. Sheep M. Quadriceps femoris Lateral 12  Sheep M. Quadriceps femoris M. Quadriceps femoris Medial Horse Dog M. popliteus 13  Flexors:  M. tibialis cranialis  M. peroneus (fibularis) tertius (Ru, Su, Eq)  M. peroneus (fibularis) longus (Ru, Su, Car)  Extensors:  M. triceps surae: M. gastrocnemius: -Caput laterale -Caput mediale M. soleus (except dog) Tendo calcaneus communis: 1. M. triceps surae 2. M. flexor digitalis superficialis 3. M. biceps femoris 4. M. semitendinosus  Flexors:  M. flexor digitalis superficialis  M. flexor digitalis profundus: -M. flexor digitalis lateralis -M. flexor digitalis medialis -M. tibialis caudalis  Extensors:  M. extensor digitalis longus  M. extensor digitalis lateralis 14 Lateral 8 7 10 9 7 1 53 12536 10 9 1 M. tibialis cranialis 6 M. extensor digitalis lateralis 8 M. soleus 2 M. peroneus tertius 9. M. flexor digitalis superf. 3 M. peroneus longus 10 M. flexor digitalis prof. 7 M. gastrocnemius 5 M. extensor digitalis longus Dog 4. M. gastrocnemius 5. M. tibialis cranialis 6. M. peroneus longus M. flexor 7. M. flexor digitalis lateralis dig. prof. 7‘. M. flexor digitalis medialis 8. M. flexor digitalis superficialis 9. M. extensor digitalis longus 12. M. extensor digitalis lateralis 15. M. popliteus Lateral Medial 15 Equine stay apparatus: https://youtu.be/eFWhIyOyKFU Peculiarities of the muscles in birds Unlike mammals, birds have a very sparse dorsal musculature as the axial skeleton is so tightly fused together that little muscle support is necessary. The muscles of the limbs and wings are also sparse, with many lightweight tendons. The main bulk of muscles in flying birds is concentrated in the pectoral muscles, which can represent up to one third of body mass. This concentration of the muscle mass ventrally, near the center of gravity, provides stability for flight. The muscles of flight are the pectoralis and the supracoracoid muscles. The pectoralis provides the powerful down stroke and the supracoracoid provides the upstroke. The pectoral muscles extend from the sternum to insert on the pectoral crest of the humerus. The supracoracoid muscle also attaches to the ventral sternum beneath the pectoral muscles. Its tendon then runs dorsally through the triosseal canal to insert on the dorsal tubercle of the humerus. By this method, a muscle lying below the wing can elevate the wing for flight and this keeps the mass of the bird stable. 16 Hen 17