Psych 160 Final UC Berkeley PDF

Psych 160 Final UC Berkeley Study online at https://quizlet.com/_7p8kxa a collection of people who are connect- group ed, so they are interdependent to some sign...

Psych 160 Final UC Berkeley Study online at https://quizlet.com/_7p8kxa a collection of people who are connect- group ed, so they are interdependent to some significant degree the effect, pos or neg, of the presence of social facilitation others on performance the presence of others increases arousal zajonc's theory and consequently enhances the emis- sion of dominant responses in a person's hierarchy of possible re- dominant response sponses in any context, the response that person is most likely to make people's concern about how they might evaluation apprehension appear in the eyes of others, or be eval- uated by them the tendency to exert less effort when social loafing working on a group task in which individ- ual contributions cannot be monitored highly cohesive groups focus more on groupthink reaching consensus than the issues at hand (faulty thinking) shallow examination of info, narrow con- causes of groupthink sideration for alternatives, and sense of invulnerability withholding info or opinions in group dis- self-censorship cussions the tendency for group decisions to be more extreme than those made by indi- group polarization viduals; whatever way the group is lean- ing, they end up leaning further the elements of power power, status, authority, dominance high power individuals go after goals and make quick judgments; low power indi- approach/inhibition theory viduals constrain behavior and pay atten- tion to others 1/7  Psych 160 Final UC Berkeley Study online at https://quizlet.com/_7p8kxa a reduced sense of individual identity ac- deindividuation companied by diminished self-regulation when in a big group focusing on oneself leads to enhanced sense of individualism, so people act individuation carefully and accordance with their val- ues people's conviction that other people are spotlight effect paying attention to them more than they actually are a motivation to bond with others in rela- need to belong tionships that provide ongoing, positive interactions a relationship in which people feel a spe- cial responsibility for one another and communal relationship give/receive according to the principle of need. Tend to be long term. a relationship that is trade based and of- exchange relationship ten short term; individuals feel no special responsibility for one another a theory based on the idea that how people feel about a relationship depends social exchange theory on their assessments of its costs and rewards expectations people have about what comparison level they think they deserve or expect to get out of a relationship expectations people have about what comparison level for alternatives they can get out of available, alternative relationships the idea that people are motivated to pur- equity theory sue fairness in their relationships the idea that early attachments with par- attachment theory ents and other caregivers can shape re- lationships for a person's whole life 2/7  Psych 160 Final UC Berkeley Study online at https://quizlet.com/_7p8kxa a facet of attachment that captures the degree to which a person is worried anxiety dimension of attachment about rejection and abandonment by re- lationship partners a facet of attachment that captures the degree to which a person is comfortable avoidance dimension of attachment with intimacy and dependence on rela- tionship partners attachments rooted in trust and marked secure attachment by intimacy attachments marked by discomfort over, avoidant attachment or resistance to, being close to others attachment style in which infants become extremely upset when their caregiver anxious-ambivalent attachment leaves but reject the caregiver when he or she returns the influence of an architectural layout functional distance to encourage or inhibit contact between people the idea that the more you are exposed mere exposure effect to something, the more you tend to like it people tend to become romantically in- volved with people who are similar social similarity and attraction class, educational level, and religious background the tendency for people to seek out oth- complementarity ers with characteristics that are different from, and complement, their own the common belief that attractive individ- halo effect uals possess other positive qualities attractiveness is more important for gender and attractiveness women than for men the capacity to pass one's genes on to reproductive fitness subsequent generations (we've evolved to prefer people 3/7  Psych 160 Final UC Berkeley Study online at https://quizlet.com/_7p8kxa once partners have a romantic bond, they are more committed to each other: investment model of commitment satisfaction, no alternatives, and invest- ments in the relationship criticism, defensiveness, stonewalling, Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse and contempt prosocial behavior that benefits others altruism without regard to consequences for one- self a benefit, such as praise, positive at- social reward tention, something tangible, or gratitude, that may be gained from helping others a motive for helping others in distress personal distress that may arise from a need to reduce one's own distress identifying with someone in need, includ- ing feeling and understanding what that empathic concern person is experiencing, accompanied by the intention to help the person assistance a person regularly provides to volunteerism another person or group with no expec- tation of compensation assistance given by a witness to some- bystander intervention one in need a reduction of the sense of urgency to help someone in an emergency or dan- diffusion of responsibility gerous situation, based on the assump- tion that others who are present will help a false impression of what most other pluralistic ignorance people are thinking or feeling, or how they are responding an evolutionary strategy that favors the reproductive success of one's genetic kin selection relatives, even at a cost to one's own survival/reproduction 4/7  Psych 160 Final UC Berkeley Study online at https://quizlet.com/_7p8kxa helping others with the expectation that reciprocal altruism they will probably return the favor in the future a situation involving payoffs to two peo- ple who must decide whether to cooper- prisoner's dilemma ate or defect. in the end, trust and coop- eration are ideal the collective beliefs, evaluations, and reputation impressions people hold about an indi- vidual within a social network A means of encouraging cooperation by at first acting cooperatively but then al- tit-for-tat strategy ways responding the way your opponent did (cooperatively or competitively) on the previous trial a belief that certain attributes are charac- stereotype teristic of members of a particular group an attitude or affective response toward prejudice a group and its individual members favorable or unfavorable treatment of in- discrimination dividuals based on their membership in a particular group prejudice directed at racial groups that modern racism exists alongside the rejection of explicitly racist beliefs a technique for revealing non-conscious implicit association test (IAT) attitudes toward different stimuli, particu- larly groups of people the presentation of info to activate a con- priming cept and make it accessible a priming procedure to assess implicit affect misattribution procedure (AMP) associations to different stimuli a theory that group conflict, prejudice, realistic group conflict theory and discrimination are likely to arise over 5/7 Psych 160 Final UC Berkeley Study online at https://quizlet.com/_7p8kxa competition between groups for limited resources glorifying one's own group while vilifying ethnocentrism other groups goals that transcend the interests of any superordinate goals one group and can be achieved by work- ing together educational approach designed to min- imize prejudice by requiring all children jigsaw classroom to make independent contributions to a shared project an experimental paradigm in which minimal group paradigm groups are made arbitrarily, yet group pride still exists the idea that our self-esteem comes not only from our personal identity and ac- social identity theory complishments, but also from those of the groups to which we belong taking pride in the accomplishments of basking in reflected glory other people in one's group the pairing of two distinctive events that paired distinctiveness stand out even more because they occur together explaining away exceptions to a given stereotype by creating a subcategory of subtyping the stereotyped group that can be ex- pected to differ from the group as a whole the tendency for us to assume that peo- ple within an outgroup are more similar outgroup homogeneity effect to one another than those of us in our ingroup are the tendency for people to be better able own-race identification bias to recognize and distinguish faces from their own race than from other races 6/7  Psych 160 Final UC Berkeley Study online at https://quizlet.com/_7p8kxa the fear of confirming the stereotypes stereotype threat that others have about one's group the proposition that prejudice can be re- duced by putting members of majority contact hypothesis and minority groups in frequent contact together equal status, shared goal requiring mu- conditions necessary for positive contact tual cooperation, community support, between groups one-on-one contact between members of groups 7/7