Plant Taxonomy and Plant Structure PDF

Introduction Plant Taxonomy and Taxonomy is the science of classifying and identifying plants. Plant Structure Scientific names are necessary because...

Introduction Plant Taxonomy and Taxonomy is the science of classifying and identifying plants. Plant Structure Scientific names are necessary because the same common name is used for different plants in different areas of the world. RUSELL ALEN V FERNANDEZ, RPh, MSPharm Latin is the language used for scientific classification. Karl von Linne (1707-1778) Scientific Names Swedish botanist The first word is the genus and the Developed binomial second word is the species. classification scheme for plants. If there are additional words, they Uses two Latin words to indicate the variety or cultivar. indicate the genus and the species. Changed his name to the Latin name of Carolus Linnaeus. 1  Genus Species Plants in the same genus have similar Plants in the same species consistently characteristics. produce plants of the same types. Examples: Quercus – Oaks Acer – Maples Pinus – Pines Ilex – Hollies Cornus – Dogwoods Ficus – Figs Scientific Classification Scientific Classification Kingdom The broadest category of scientific classification is the Kingdom. Phylum/Division Either Plant or Animal Class The broadest category of the plant Order kingdom is Division or Phylum. Suborder Family Genus Species 2  Divisions Spermatophytes The four most important divisions of the Includes flowering or seed-bearing plant kingdom are…. plants. Thallophites The two subdivisions are…. Bryophytes Gymnosperms Pteriophytes Angiosperms Spermatophytes Identifying Plants Physical characteristics are used to identify plants which include…. Life Cycle Plant Characteristics Form Foliage Retention Plant Parts Use & Location 3  Life Cycle Growth Habits Annuals Trees Plants that complete their life cycle in Shrubs one year. Biennials Vines Plants that complete their life cycle in two years. Perennials Plants that live more than two years. Growth Forms Growth Forms Columnar Round Spreading Oval Weeping Pyramidal Spreading Columnar Weeping 4  Growth Forms Foliage Retention Deciduous Loses leaves during the dormant season. Evergreen Keeps leaves and remains green year- round. Round Oval Pyramidal Plant Parts – Leaf Leaf Arrangement – Simple Arrangement Shapes Color Vein Pattern Form – Simple or Compound Margin Surface 5  Leaf Arrangement – Compound Leaf Shape Vein Pattern Leaf Margin Pinnate Palmate Parallel Dichotomous 6  Leaf Surface Leaf Surface – Glabrous There are 8 common leaf surfaces. The surface is smooth, not hairy. Glabrous Scabrous Pubescent Glaucous Villous Rugose Tomentose Glandular Leaf Surface – Pubescent Leaf Surface – Villous Short, soft hairs cover the surface. Long, straight hairs cover the surface. 7  Leaf Surface – Tomentose Leaf Surface – Scabrous Covered with wool-like hair. Covered with short, prickly hairs. Leaf Surface – Glaucous Leaf Surface – Rugose Covered with a bluish-white waxy Surface is wrinkly. substance. 8  Leaf Surface – Glandular Plant Parts – Flowers Glands filled with oil or resin cover the Color surface. Shape Size Plant Parts – Bud & Stem Plant Parts – Modified Stems Shape & Color Stem Modifications Thorns Spines Thorn Prickles Prickle Spine 9  Plant Parts – Roots Plant Parts – Roots Tap Fibrous Bulb Tuberous Root Tap Root Fibrous Root Plant Parts – Fruit Plant Parts – Fruit Cones Brambles Pomes Nuts (Acorns) (Raspberries) Pomes (Apple) Capsules (Willow) Drupes (Peach) Samara (Maple) Cones Acorns 10  Plant Parts – Fruit Use & Location Not absolute, but helpful. Indoor or outdoor. Altitude Wet or dry Drupes Samara Hardiness Zone Capsules Sun, partial shade, or shade. Landscape purpose – specimen, border, etc. Brambles END! 11