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Questions and Answers
Glabrous leaf surfaces are covered with short, prickly hairs.
Glabrous leaf surfaces are covered with short, prickly hairs.
False
Pubescent leaves have long, straight hairs covering their surface.
Pubescent leaves have long, straight hairs covering their surface.
False
The vein pattern of leaves can be dichotomous, pinnate, or palmate.
The vein pattern of leaves can be dichotomous, pinnate, or palmate.
True
A rugose leaf surface appears smooth and unwrinkled.
A rugose leaf surface appears smooth and unwrinkled.
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Tomentose leaf surfaces are covered with wool-like hair.
Tomentose leaf surfaces are covered with wool-like hair.
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Thorns, spines, and prickles are all considered stem modifications.
Thorns, spines, and prickles are all considered stem modifications.
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A pomes fruit does not include apples.
A pomes fruit does not include apples.
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A fibrous root is a type of modified stem.
A fibrous root is a type of modified stem.
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Samara and drupes are examples of fruit types.
Samara and drupes are examples of fruit types.
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Bulb and tuberous roots are the same type of plant part.
Bulb and tuberous roots are the same type of plant part.
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Taxonomy is the science of classifying and identifying animals.
Taxonomy is the science of classifying and identifying animals.
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The use of Latin in scientific naming helps avoid confusion caused by common names.
The use of Latin in scientific naming helps avoid confusion caused by common names.
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Karl von Linne is known for developing the binomial classification scheme for animals.
Karl von Linne is known for developing the binomial classification scheme for animals.
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The first word in a scientific name indicates the species.
The first word in a scientific name indicates the species.
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Plants in the same genus share similar characteristics.
Plants in the same genus share similar characteristics.
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The broadest category of scientific classification for the plant kingdom is Order.
The broadest category of scientific classification for the plant kingdom is Order.
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The term 'Spermatophytes' includes all plants that do not produce seeds.
The term 'Spermatophytes' includes all plants that do not produce seeds.
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The term 'scientific classification' refers only to plants.
The term 'scientific classification' refers only to plants.
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Bryophytes are classified as a subdivision of thallophytes.
Bryophytes are classified as a subdivision of thallophytes.
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Perennials are plants that complete their life cycle in one year.
Perennials are plants that complete their life cycle in one year.
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Deciduous plants lose their leaves during the dormant season.
Deciduous plants lose their leaves during the dormant season.
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Angiosperms are a subgroup of spermatophytes.
Angiosperms are a subgroup of spermatophytes.
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Vines are classified as growth habits in plants.
Vines are classified as growth habits in plants.
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All types of growth forms retain foliage year-round.
All types of growth forms retain foliage year-round.
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Gymnosperms bear fruits and flowers.
Gymnosperms bear fruits and flowers.
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Foliage retention is one of the physical characteristics used to identify plants.
Foliage retention is one of the physical characteristics used to identify plants.
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Study Notes
Introduction to Plant Taxonomy
- Taxonomy is the science of classifying and identifying plants.
- Scientific names are essential because common names can vary geographically.
- Latin is the language used for scientific plant classification.
Karl von Linne (1707-1778)
- Swedish botanist
- Developed binomial classification for plants
- Used two Latin words: genus and species to name plants
- His name changed officially to Carolus Linnaeus in Latin.
Scientific Names
- The first word denotes genus
- The second word denotes species
- Additional words specify variety or cultivar
Genus
- Plants within the same genus share similar characteristics.
- Examples include: Quercus (oaks), Acer (maples), Pinus (pines), Ilex (hollies), Cornus (dogwoods), and Ficus (figs).
Species
- Plants belonging to the same species consistently produce similar plants.
Scientific Classification
- The broadest category in scientific classification is Kingdom.
- Plant Kingdom is categorized by Division or Phylum.
- Kingdom, Phylum/Division, Class, Order, Suborder, Family, Genus, Species
Plant Divisions
- Thallophytes
- Bryophytes
- Pteriophytes
- Spermatophytes (flowering or seed-bearing plants)
- Subdivision 1: Gymnosperms
- Subdivision 2: Angiosperms
Identifying Plants
- Physical characteristics aid plant identification:
- Life cycle
- Plant form
- Foliage retention (deciduous or evergreen)
- Plant parts
- Use/location
Plant Life Cycles
- Annuals: complete their life cycle in one year.
- Biennials: complete their life cycle in two years.
- Perennials: live more than two years.
Plant Growth Habits
- Trees
- Shrubs
- Vines
Plant Growth Forms
- Columnar
- Spreading
- Weeping
- Round
- Oval
- Pyramidal
Foliage Retention
- Deciduous: loses leaves seasonally.
- Evergreen: retains leaves year-round.
Plant Parts - Leaves
- Arrangement: opposite, alternate, whorled
- Shapes
- Color
- Vein patterns: pinnate, palmate, parallel, dichotomous
- Forms: simple, compound
- Margin types: entire, undulate, serrate, etc
- Surface structures: glabrous, pubescent, villous, tomentose, scabrous, glaucous, rugose, glandular
Plant Parts - Flowers
- Color
- Shape
- Size
Plant Parts- Buds and Stems
- Shape and Color
- Stem Modifications
- Thorns
- Spines
- Prickles
Plant Parts - Roots
- Tap roots
- Fibrous roots
- Bulbs
Plant Parts- Fruit
- Cones
- Nuts
- Pomes
- Drupes
- Brambles
- Capsules
- Samaras
Plant Parts - Use and Location
- Indoor vs Outdoor
- Altitude
- Wet/Dry
- Hardiness Zones
- Landscape purposes: specimen, border
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of plant taxonomy, including the importance of scientific naming and the historical contributions of Karl von Linne. Learn about the classification system that differentiates genus and species, and how these classifications impact our understanding of plant relationships.
