Nurses In Disaster Preparedness And Public Health Emergency Response PDF

The University of Jordan School of Nursing NURSES IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY RESPONSE COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING - CLINICAL First semester 2024/2025 NURSES IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AN...

The University of Jordan School of Nursing NURSES IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY RESPONSE COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING - CLINICAL First semester 2024/2025 NURSES IN DISASTER PREPAREDNESS AND PUBLIC HEALTH EMERGENCY RESPONSE ENAS Al-Rashed..0216792 NAWAL Abu-Taleb..2200471 lujayn Al-Jazazen..0211717  Outlines: 1. Introduction. 2. Definition of disasters. 3. Type of disasters 4. impact of disasters on population health. 5. role of the nurses(general role and specific role). 6. most common disasters in Jordan 7. Article 8. Community resources 9. Conclusion. 10. Summary. 11. References.  Objectives 1. define of disasters 2. Differentiate between types of disasters. 3. Identify the roles of nurses during disasters. 4. Recognize impact of disasters on population health 5.Demonstrate evidencebased articl Introduction What do you know about disaster and their types ?  ER Destructions D I Incidents ST DISA Sufferings S Administrative, financial A failures  ER Sentiments S T Tragedies ST D A S Eruption of communicable E diseases I Research programme and its R implementation Definition of Disaster A disaster is defined as “a serious disruption of the functioning of a community or a society at any scale due to hazardous events interacting with conditions of exposure, vulnerability and capacity, leading to one or more of the following: human, material, economic and environmental losses and impacts” (UNISDR, 2017).  TYPES OF DISASTERS natural disasters man-made catastrophic events with atmospheric, geographical and hydrological origins element of human intent, There are 10 natural disasters(earthquake, negligence, or error involving a landslide, volcanic eruption, floods, failure of man-made system. Such tornadoes, blizzards, tsunami, cyclones, as crime, arson, terrorism, war, and wildfire, and pandemic) biological/chemical threat hybrid disaster mix between natural and man-made such as extensive clearing of jungles causing soil erosion, and Artificial cloud seeding causing landslides  The most common disasters in Jordan 1. Natural Disasters: Earthquakes: Jordan is located in a seismic zone, with occasional tremors or moderate earthquakes. Floods: Flash floods, particularly during the winter months, are common due to heavy rainfall, especially in areas with poor drainage infrastructure. Fires: Forest fires, particularly in dry regions, can be disastrous.  The most common disasters in Jordan 2. Man-made Disasters: Industrial Accidents: These can occur due to chemicals or heavy machinery failure. Armed Conflicts: Jordan has been affected by regional tensions, particularly the impact of conflicts in neighboring countries like Syria, leading to refugees and occasional threats of violence. Impact of disaster in community Social Impacts: Community Displacement: Disasters often force people to leave their homes, leading to internal or external displacement. Disruption of Social Bonds: The loss or injury of family and community members can weaken social ties. Increased Stress and Fear: People may suffer from psychological trauma, such as anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Environmental Impacts: Destruction of Natural Environments: Disasters such as floods, fires, and earthquakes can damage soil, forests, and water sources. **Threat to Biod  Economic Impacts: Financial Losses: Destruction of infrastructure, homes, and businesses leads to significant economic losses and high reconstruction costs. Increased Poverty: Loss of jobs and assets can weaken the financial stability of families, leading to higher poverty rates. Health Impacts: Injuries and Deaths: Disasters often cause immediate injuries and fatalities. Disease Outbreaks: Lack of clean water and poor sanitation can lead to the spread of infectious diseases. Strain on Healthcare Systems: Increased demand for healthcare services can overwhelm medical facilities, especially if they are damaged during the disaster.  Nursing Preparations of The impact of disasters on population health A) Preimpact (time 0) B) Impact (0-72 )h C) Postimpact (Greater than 72 hours) Preimpact (Planning/preparedness prevention warning) 1_ Participate in the development of community disaster plans. 2_ Participate in community risk assessment : -Elements of Hazard Analysis for AllHazards Approach --Hazard mapping -Vulnerability analysis 3_ Perform disaster drills and table-top exercises 4_ Initiate disaster prevention measures: -Prevention or removal of hazard -Movement/ relocation of at-risk populations -Public awareness campaigns -Establishment of early warni systems Preimpact (Planning/preparedness prevention warning) cont 5_ Identify educational and training needs for all nurses. 6_ Develop disaster nursing databases for notification, mobilization, and triage of emergency nurses staffing resources 7- Develop evaluation plans for all components of disaster nursing response.  Determinants of Nurse Preparedness in Disaster Management: A Cross- Sectional Study Among the Community Health Nurses in Coastal Areas Purpose: Because Indonesia has a high risk of natural disasters, nurse preparedness is necessary to reduce and prevent deaths in the aftermath of such disasters. The aim of this study was to determine the factors associated with nurse preparedness in disaster management among a sample of community health nurses in coastal areas methods: A cross-sectional study was undertaken from May to August 2020. The sample consisted of 142 nurses who worked at six Public Health Centers in Pangandaran, West Java, Indonesia. Participants were recruited using the total sampling technique. The data were collected using the Emergency Preparedness Information Questionnaire and analyzed using Chi-Square and binary logistic regression.  Determinants of Nurse Preparedness in Disaster Management: A Cross- Sectional Study Among the Community Health Nurses in Coastal Areas Results:Of the 142 respondents, 54.24% had a high level of preparedness. Multivariate analysis showed that nurses with higher levels of preparedness , With nearly half of the respondents (45.77%) having a low level of disaster preparedness Conclusion: With nearly half of the respondents (45.77%) having a low level of disaster preparedness, this topic needs more attention from the government and healthcare workers. Several actions are needed to improve community nurses' disaster preparedness: providing them with routine disaster-related training, encouraging them to serve as volunteers in various disaster conditions, and offering them useful disaster-related information. Impact (Response emergency management mitigation) 01 Activate disaster response plan: -Notification and initial response -Leadership assumes control of event -Command post is established -Establish communications -Conduct damage and needs assessment at the scene -Search, rescue, and extricate -Establish field hospital and shelters -Triage and transport of patients 02 Mitigate all ongoing hazards 03 Activate agency disaster plans.  Impact 04 Establish need for mutual aid relationships 05 Integrate state and federal resources 06 Evaluate public health need of the affected population 07 establish safe shelter and the delivery of adequate food and water supplies. 08 Provide for sanitation needs and waste removal. 09 Establish disease surveillance 10 Isolates individuals/families/clusters at risk of spreading communicable condition 11 Evaluate the need for/ activate additional nursing staff (disaster nurse response plans). Postimpact (Recovery rehabilitation reconstruction evaluation) 01 continue provision of nursing and medical care. 02 Continue disease surveillance. 03 Monitor the safety of the food and water supply. 04 Withdraw from disaster scene. 05 reunite family members. Postimpact (Recovery rehabilitation reconstruction evaluation) 06 monitor long-term physical health outcomes of survivors. 07 Monitor mental health status of survivors. 08 Provide counselling and debriefing for staff. 09 evaluate disaster nursing response actions. 10 Revise original disaster preparedness plan. Impact of disasters on population health 1. Health Inequities in Disasters. 2. Relationship to Race and Ethnicity. 3. Nurses’ Roles in Addressing Disparities.  1. Health Inequities in Disasters. While disasters impact populations, research has shown that those impacts are not equally distributed. Although every person who is exposed to a disaster is impacted in some form, the disproportionate impact on high-risk and highly vulnerable populations, including the elderly, individuals with disabilities, the immunosuppressed, and poverty is unequivocal 2. Relationship to Race and Ethnicity. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a disproportionate effect on Black, Hispanic, and American Indian populations, who have experienced greater levels of suffering and death due to inequities in access to health care services. 3. Nurses’ Roles in Addressing Disparities. Nurses can play a role in advocating for a health equity approach in preparation for future pandemics that addresses historical and current structural as well as systemic racial prejudice and discrimination that result in health disparities. Equitable access to and distribution of tests, treatments, contact tracing, and vaccines especially for underserved populations, is instrumental to the success of the response to COVID-19 as well as future pandemics.  Role of the nurses in disaster General Specific  Nurses’ General Roles in Disasters: 1. Nurses play a central role in response to disasters, providing education, community engagement, and health promotion. 2. They provide first aid, advanced clinical care, and lifesaving medications, assess triage victims, provide minimal resources, and monitor ongoing physical and mental health needs. 3. They also assist with organizational logistics by developing operational response protocols and securitymeasures and performing statistical analysis of individual- and community-level data.  Nurses’ General Roles in Disasters: 4.Nurses are responsible for activating organizational emergency operations plans, participating in incident command systems, overseeing the use of PPE, and providing crisis leadership and communications. 5. They also open and manage shelters, organize blood drives, and provide outreach to underserved populations. 6. They also assist with care for the frail elderly, assist with childbirth, and work to reunite families separated during response activities. 7. Disasters place unprecedented demands on health care systems and often test nurses' knowledge, skills, abilities, and personal commitment.  Nurses’ Roles in Wars 1. Comfort and Emotional Support 2. Humanitarian Efforts 3. Recognizing the Sacrifice 4. Providing Essential Medical Care 5. Reducing Mortality Rates Nurses’ Roles in Pandemics and Other Infectious Disease Outbreaks 1. supporting and advising in epidemic surveillance and detection, such as contact tracing 2. working in point-of-distribution clinics to screen, test, and distribute vaccines and other medical countermeasures 3.employing prevention and response interventions 4. providing direct hospital-based treatment for impacted individuals 5. educating patients and the public to decrease risk for infection  Role of Nurses in disasters in Jordan Nurses in Jordan are crucial during these disasters, providing essential emergency care, managing overwhelmed health systems, and ensuring continuity of healthcare. Nurses’ preparedness is an ongoing focus, with moderate to high levels of core disaster competencies observed, though continuous training is necessary for better disaster management.  Community resources The most common community resources in Jordan for nursing and disaster response, along with their general locations: 1. Ministry of Health (MoH) - Headquarters located in Amman, with regional health directorates and health centers distributed across various governorates. 2. Civil Defense Directorate (CDD) - Headquarters in Amman; CDD operates multiple branches and emergency response units throughout Jordan's cities and towns. 3. Jordan Red Crescent - Main office in Amman, with branches in most major cities and towns, providing local emergency assistance.  Community resources 4.Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) - Many NGOs, such as Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) and UNICEF, are based in Amman but operate throughout Jordan, especially in high-need areas. 5. Jordan health AIDS society (‫)جمعية المعونة الصحية األردنية‬: Known for its mobile clinics and emergency response units, this organization assists during emergencies, especially for refugees and low-income populations. It provides essential healthcare services, which includes preventive health, maternal and child health, and psychosocial support. 6. UNHCR Jordan (‫)المفوضية السامية لألمم المتحدة لشؤون الالجئين‬: The UNHCR is integral to Jordan’s disaster response, particularly in supporting refugee health. They collaborate with local health services to provide essential medical care, mental health support, and coordination during emergencies.  Summary What is Disasters? What is the TYPES OF DISASTERS? What is the Impact of disasters on population health? What is the Role of the nurses in disaster?  Conclusion "We cannot stop natural disasters but we can arm ourselfes with knowledge: so many lives wouldn't have to be lost if there was enough disaster preparedness." Nurses play a critical role at every stage of disaster management by providing care, ensuring safety, and helping communities recover and build resilience  Video https://youtu.be/BF5m5xqlndE? si=2pMynHSjOICL858B  References Flaubert, J. L., Le Menestrel, S., Williams, D. R., Wakefield, M. K., & National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2021). Nurses in Disaster Preparedness and Public Health Emergency Response. In The Future of Nursing 2020-2030: Charting a Path to Achieve Health Equity. National Academies Press (US). Iryanidar, I., Kadar, K. S., & Irwan, A. M. (2022). Readiness of nurses working in COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Health Sciences Alfuqaha, A. N., Alosta, M. R., Khalifeh, A. H., & Oweidat, I. A. (2024b). Jordanian nurses’ perceptions of disaster preparedness and core competencies. Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness, 18. Thank you for your attention