Cardiomyopathy PDF

 Cardiomyopathy By: Jay Aries T. Gianan, EMT-B, RM, RN, LPT, MAN Assistant Professor II Learning Objectives: What is cardiomyopathy? Causes Types Signs & symptoms Pathophysiology Complications How to manage cardiomyopathy? ...

 Cardiomyopathy By: Jay Aries T. Gianan, EMT-B, RM, RN, LPT, MAN Assistant Professor II Learning Objectives: What is cardiomyopathy? Causes Types Signs & symptoms Pathophysiology Complications How to manage cardiomyopathy?  8 1 9 10 2 3 11 4 12 5 13 6 7 14 What is cardiomyopathy? Cardiomyopathy Cardio + myo + pathy Heart + muscle + disease Disease of the heart muscle (myocardium) w/c inhibits effective pumping Causing pump failure problems l/t heart failure Causes of Cardiomyopathy Primary cardiomyopathies starts/develop by itself genetic form of heart disease Secondary cardiomyopathies cause by HTN or valve disease any disease that l/t myocardial damage Causes Coronary artery disease Genetic mutations Autoimmune diseases connective tissue diseases Infections that affect your heart muscle Heart inflammation Diabetes Thyroid disease Muscular dystrophy High cholesterol diseases Sarcoidosis Amyloidosis Hemochromatosis  Thickening and disarray of Causes Cardiomyopathy left ventricular What really happen? myocardium Genetic mutations Coronary artery disease Autoimmune disease Restrictive Hypertropic Dilated cardiomyopathy Sarcoidosis cardiomyopathy cardiomyopathy Amyloidosis Infection Idiopathic Atherosclerosis Amyloidosis, Sarcoidosis Genetic or viral infection Decrease contraction Decrease ejection fraction Stiffer heart ability Chambers dilate to Chambers hypertrophy to Leading to Heart can t stretch compensate compensate Decrease filling ability of Decrease pumping ability Less filling of blood heart Less pumped blood Heart murmurs Complications Chronic heart failure Chest pain Blood clots Dizziness or fainting Heart valve problems Cardiomyopathy S/S Dysrhythmias Cardiac arrest Fatigue Sudden death S/S of CHF Types of cardiomyopathy (DR.H) 1. D – Dilated cardiomyopathy distended & thin heart muscles like a balloon most common cardiomyopathy associated w/ childbirth 2. R – Restrictive cardiomyopathy almost same size of normal heart stiffened muscle “rock hard” heart muscle Types of cardiomyopathy (DR.H) 3. H – Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy huge trophy-like, big & thick heart muscle most common cause of death young active children most deadly genetics is the main cause here septal involvement occurs usually normal cardiac output Signs & symptoms Low O2 in the brain syncope & ↓ LOC early SX of low O2 (hypoxia) restlessness agitation angina & ECG dysrhythmias (heart block) SOB & fatigue (weakness) Left sided Heart failure L – Left HF L – Lungs filled w/ fluid crackles & pulmo. edema Right sided Heart failure R – Right HF R – Rocks body w/ Fluid edema, ascites, JVD Signs & symptoms Heart regurgitation tricuspid & bicuspid valves narrow pulse pressure cardiac output is dropping S3 murmur Slamming of blood in the stretched ventricles Complications Chronic heart failure most common Ventricular arrhythmias Pulmonary or cerebral embolism Blood clots Heart valve problems Cardiac arrest Sudden death What are the management of cardiomyopathy? Diagnostic Exams Cardiac magnetic resonance assess ventricular volumes & ejection fraction Chest x ray visualization of heart Angiography r/o ischemic heart disease dye is injected Echocardiogram ejection fraction 55% - 70% is normal 40 or less is bad Physical exam heart murmur S3, S4 Genetic blood test & biopsy for hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Diagnostic Exams Presence of BNP B types brain natriuretic peptides breaking/stretching of ventricles ≤100 – normal