8-20-24 - Chapter 9 Intelligence and Creativity.docx

**[Honors Psychology -- Chapter 9 Worksheet]** ***[Define the following terms (18)]*** Intelligence ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The ability to understand and adapt to the environment by using a...

**[Honors Psychology -- Chapter 9 Worksheet]** ***[Define the following terms (18)]*** Intelligence ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The ability to understand and adapt to the environment by using a combination of inherited abilities and learning experiences ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Stanford-Binet Intelligence scale -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Intelligence test developed by Alfred Binet and later refined at Stanford university -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mental age ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The level of intellectual functioning in years, which is compared with chronological age to derive IQ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Intelligence quotient ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A measure of intelligence originally obtained by comparing mental age, as determined by testing, with chronological age ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Verbal scale ----------------------------------------------------------------- IQ test items that rely heavily on word comprehension and usage ----------------------------------------------------------------- Performance scale --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- IQ test items that try to bypass verbal material and focus on problem solving without words --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Wechsler adult intelligence scale ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ An intelligence test for adults that provides three IQ's: verbal, performance, and full-scale(total) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Wechsler intelligence scale for children ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- An intelligence test for children aged 6-16 that provides three IQs : verbal, performance, and full-scale ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Theory of multiple intelligences ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Howard Gardner's theory that intelligence is made up of seven abilities- language, logical/mathematical, visual/spatial, musical, musical, bodily movement, intrapersonal, and interpersonal ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Individual intelligence tests ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- IQ tests administered on a one-to-one basis -- one examiner to one test taker ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Group intelligence tests ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ IQ test administered to many people ate one time; tests are highly verbal and use paper pencil ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Cultural bias ------------------------------------------------------ The unfair measurement of cultural groups' abilities ------------------------------------------------------ Mental retardation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Below-average intellectual functioning that prevents a person from being able to perform at the level appropriate for his or her age -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Inclusion ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The practice of keeping children with disabilities in regular academic classrooms ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Savant syndrome ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Condition in which a person with below-normal mental capacity possesses a special talent or mental ability to an extremely high degree ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Creativity -------------------------------------------------------------- The mental processes that result in original, workable ideas -------------------------------------------------------------- Set2 ------------------------------------------------------------ A tendency to solve problems in the same way over and over ------------------------------------------------------------ Break set -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Come up with unusual, unexpected ideas; use something in a way different from the way in which it is normally used -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ***[Complete the following short answer questions (20):]*** What was the original purpose of the Binet Intelligence Test? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- to identify French schoolchildren who were at risk of learning disabilities ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- What was meant by Benet's term "self-evaluation"? -------------------------------------------------- knowing if the problem has been solved correctly -------------------------------------------------- What four elements did Benet use to measure intelligence? -------------------------------------------------------------- Direction, Adaptability, Comprehension, and Self-evaluation. -------------------------------------------------------------- What does "IQ" mean? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Intelligence Quotient It\'s a score derived from standardized tests designed to assess a person\'s cognitive abilities, such as reasoning, problem-solving, and memory. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- What does a person's mental age refer to? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A person\'s mental age refers to the intellectual level at which an individual functions. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- How did Wechsler's test improve upon Binet's for testing IQ? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ David Wechsler made significant advancements in IQ testing compared to Alfred Binet\'s original work ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Why are twins or multiples good subjects for intelligence tests? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Twins and multiples are invaluable subjects for intelligence research due to the unique opportunities they provide to study the interplay between genetics and environment. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- According to Gardner, what areas have traditional intelligence tests ignored? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- He argued that these tests primarily focused on linguistic and logical-mathematical intelligence. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- What does the Stanford-Benet IQ test compare? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- The Stanford-Binet IQ test compares an individual\'s mental age to their chronological age. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- How can creativity be increased in individuals? ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Creativity is a multifaceted skill that can be nurtured and developed. ------------------------------------------------------------------------ Do highly intelligent people share certain common characteristics? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- While intelligence is a complex trait influenced by both genetics and environment, research suggests that highly intelligent people often share certain characteristics, cognitive and personality traits ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- What intellectual problems can be caused by a lowered or lack of oxygen at birth? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A lack of oxygen at birth, often referred to as birth asphyxia, can have severe consequences for a newborn, including intellectual impairments. The severity of these impairments depends on the duration and extent of oxygen deprivation. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- How do psychologists define intellectual disabilities? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Intellectual disability is defined by significant limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. This condition originates before the age of 18. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- What causes intellectual disabilities and how can it best be treated? -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Genetic factors: These comprise polygenic diseases, single-gene illnesses (like Fragile X syndrome), and chromosomal abnormalities (like Down syndrome). Prenatal factors: The development of the brain can be impacted by infections (such as rubella), exposure to toxins (such as alcohol or lead), starvation, and some drugs. Perinatal factors: Brain injury can result from birth complications including oxygen deprivation or early delivery. Postnatal factors: Intellectual disorders can be brought on by head trauma, illnesses (such as meningitis), starvation, and exposure to environmental chemicals. Unknown causes: The precise cause is frequently yet unknown. -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Provide a link to an article or video that explains what Savant syndrome is. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Can creativity be measured? --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- It is true that measuring creativity is difficult. Although there isn\'t a single, widely recognized measure, academics have created a number of techniques to evaluate distinct facets of creative thinking. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Can creativity be taught? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ It is possible to cultivate and teach creativity. While some people may naturally be inclined to think creatively, creativity is a talent that can be developed and improved with training and experience. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ What are group intelligence tests? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Group I.Q. testing can give fairly accurate results, but relies on verbal testing only. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- What are some advantages and disadvantages of individual intelligence tests over group intelligence tests? +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Advantages: detailed evaluation, flexible, can pinpoint strength and | | weaknesses | | | | Disadvantages: Time consuming, costly, subjective | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ How is set related to creativity? ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Set in the psychological context refers to a mental framework or predisposition that influences how we perceive and respond to information. It can be both a boon and a barrier to creativity. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------