Aortic Aneurysms PDF
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Uploaded by ManeuverableWolf
University of Louisville
AWimsatt MSN,RN
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Summary
These notes cover various aspects of aortic aneurysms, including pathophysiology, manifestations, and treatments. The information might be useful for medical professionals.
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12/3/24 1 Aortic Aneurysms AWimsatt MSN,RN NUR 486 2 Aortic Aneurysm Abnormal localized dilation of a blood vessel or wall of the heart 3 Patho 1 –80% of aneurysms are AAA –Most common with increased age (65 -75), men, and smokers...
12/3/24 1 Aortic Aneurysms AWimsatt MSN,RN NUR 486 2 Aortic Aneurysm Abnormal localized dilation of a blood vessel or wall of the heart 3 Patho 1 –80% of aneurysms are AAA –Most common with increased age (65 -75), men, and smokers –Can be related to atherosclerosis, HTN, advanced age –Genetic conditions 2 – –Thin vessel walls –Hemodynamics – 4 Aortic Aneurysm True aneurysms -Bound by arterial wall or wall of heart –Fusiform – more uniform in shape –Sacular – pouchlike False aneurysms –Breach in wall of vessel, extravascular hematoma, pulsating hematoma aka pseudoaneurysm Dissecting aneurysms 5 Thoracic Aorta Aneurysm –Often asymptomatic –Most common manifestation Deep diffuse chest pain 6 1 5 –Most common manifestation Deep diffuse chest pain Pain may extend to interscapular area 6 Ascending aorta/aortic arch aneurysm Manifestations –Angina –Transient ischemic attacks –Coughing and shortness of breath –Hoarseness and/or dysphagia –If presses on superior vena cava Decreased venous return –Distended neck veins –Edema of face and arms 7 Manifestations 8 Complications of Aneurysms: Rupture Causes Manifestations Anterior Rupture Posterior Rupture Care Surgical Repair –Emergent surgical Intervention 9 Diagnostic Testing Chest/abdominal x-ray Echocardiography of the aortic arch or descending aorta or TEE US Aortography/ angiography 10 9 US Aortography/ angiography CT 10 Treatments for AAA Medical Management –Control HTN, smoking cessation, control other risk factors 11 Aortic Aneurysm Interprofessional Care –Surgical Therapy Preop – elective repair –Hydration –Stabilize electrolytes, coagulation, & hematocrit 12 Treatments for AAA Surgical Management –Open Technique 13 Treatments for AAA Surgical Management –Minimal invasive – 14 Post-Surgical Care Nursing Care & Complications –Establish baseline to compare postoperatively –Watch for signs of cardiac, pulmonary, cerebral, and lower extremity vascular problems –Perfusion Maintain normotension UOP Neuro peripheral –Control pain peripheral –Control pain –Monitor EKG –NG care 15 Aortic Dissection Types – Type A & Type B Risks Causes Manifestations 16 Treatment for Dissection Medical Management BP control Pain management Surgical Management
