752 Gal Pals Exam 3 (Final) PDF

**[Exam 1-2 Content Review Key Points]** Notes: - +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Intuitive | Analytical | +===================================+===================================+ | Rapid...

**[Exam 1-2 Content Review Key Points]** Notes: - +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Intuitive | Analytical | +===================================+===================================+ | Rapid | Slower, controlled | | | | | Experiential\--inductive | Hypothetical\--deductive | | | | | Pattern recognition\--illness | Robust decision making | | scripts | | | | Acquired, critical, logical | | Unconscious thinking | thought | | | | | Mental shortcuts | Deliberate, purposeful thinking | | | | | Prone to bias and cognitive | Used for more complex and less | | errors | familiar problems | | | | | \*Used by experts | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  ← MRI (more clear) vs. CT \[brain\] \ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  Diagnostic Workup w/ Breast - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Thyroid +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Hypothyroidism | Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis, | | | Graves') | +===================================+===================================+ | Subjective | Subjective | | | | | - - - - - | - - - - | | | | | Objective | Objective | | | | | - - - - - | - - - - - - - - - | | | | | Other Diff Dx to consider: | | | depression, anemia, | Imaging: Radioactive iodine | | panhypopituitarism (rt individual | uptake: suspect "hot" nodules | | s/s) | | | | Radioisotope thyroid scan, | | | ultrasound-solid v cystic | | | nodules, fine needle aspiration | | | cytology | | | | | | Differential: Type of thyroid | | | disease (autoimmune, | | | drug-induced, nodular), A-Fib | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ | Test Result Differentiation w/ | | | TSH, T4 | | | | | | \ | | | **Ultrasound**: differentiates | | | cysts from solid nodules; used to | | | measure size of gland and guide | | | FNA | | | | | | **Radionuclide scan:** | | | differentiate non-functioning | | | (cold) nodules from functioning | | | (hot) | | | | | | **Biopsy**: differentiate benign | | | from malignant mass usually done | | | w/ ultrasound guided FNA | | | | | | **CT Scan or MRI:** generally | | | used in thyroid cancer to | | | determine size and invasion of | | | tumor to adjacent structures | | | | | | Tg is used for DTC follow-up, | | | Calcitonin is used for medullary | | | thyroid cancer (MTC) | | +-----------------------------------+-----------------------------------+ Lymphadenopathy - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - **Exam 1** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Case Study HPI: Kai is a 45-year-old patient who presents with persistent cough and shortness of breath that has worsened over the past month. They report that the cough is dry and occasionally produces white sputum. - - - - - - - - - - Please provide three differential diagnoses. These should come from different organ systems or mechanisms (pathophysiology). What three tests would you consider as part of your initial work-up and why? - - - - - - - - - - - - - - NOTES Pulmonary - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -  Stroke - - - Headache Primary Headaches  Secondary Headaches Emergent secondary causes of headache  - - - - - - - - - - SNOOP Red Flags for Headache - - - - - -  - - - - - Seizures - - - - - - - - - - - - Dizziness - - - - - - - - - - - -  - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Cardiovascular - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Orthopedics OTTAWA ANKLE RULES - OR - OR - - - OR - OR - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Spinal Emergency - - - - - - - - - - - **RED FLAGS FOR BACK PAIN** (red = s/s of malignancy) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - IMAGING & TESTS for LOW BACK PAIN - - - - **Red Flag Findings in Pts w/ Low Back Pain \-- Possible Etiologies** - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Differential Diagnosis of Mechanical Low Back Pain - - - - - - - +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Different | | | | | | | ial | | | | | | | Dx of Hip | | | | | | | Pain in | | | | | | | Children | | | | | | +===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+===========+ | Disease | Hx | Fever | Phys Exam | X-rays | Labs | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Septic | Acute | Fever \ | Inability | Normal | WBC \> | | arthritis | onset of | 101.5 F | to bear | early | 12k | | | pain and | | weight, | | | | | fever | | child | | ESR \> 40 | | | | | rests in | | | | | | | external | | Aspiratio | | | | | rotation | | n | | | | | & refuses | | of joint | | | | | to move | | shows WBC | | | | | joints; | | \>50k | | | | | appears | | | | | | | ill | | \*emergen | | | | | | | cy\* | +-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+-----------+ | Transient | Hx of | Mild or | Able to | Normal | CRP \