Respiratory System Lecture Notes PDF
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Bay Atlantic University
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These lecture notes cover the respiratory system, outlining its key components and their anatomical details. Topics include the nose, paranasal sinuses, pharynx, larynx, trachea and bronchi, lungs, and pleura..
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By the end of this lecture, the students should be able to: 1. Identify parts of the respiratory system 2. Determine the nose and enumerate the paranasal sinuses 3. Determine nasopharynx and larynx 4. Discuss anatomy of the tracheabroncheal tree 5. Differentiate between right and left lung...
By the end of this lecture, the students should be able to: 1. Identify parts of the respiratory system 2. Determine the nose and enumerate the paranasal sinuses 3. Determine nasopharynx and larynx 4. Discuss anatomy of the tracheabroncheal tree 5. Differentiate between right and left lungs 6. Discuss anatomy of the pleura with its clinical importance Nose Nasopharynx Larynx Trachea and bronchi Lungs 1. Nose and paranasal sinuses 2 cavities separated in the middle by a nasal septum Frontal Maxillary Sphenoid Ethmoid 2. Pharynx Common pathway between respiratory and GIT Divided into three parts: 1. Nasopharynx 2. Oropharynx 3. Laryngeopharynx (hypopharynx) 3. Larynx Formed of cartilage Contains vocal cords (phonation) 4. Tracheo-bronchial tree Trachea is a cartilaginous tube Composed of C-shaped rings 10 cm in length Extends from C6 to T4 It divides into 2 main bronchi, right and left. Right bronchus Left bronchus length Shorter (2cm) Longer (5cm) diameter wider narrower direction More vertical More horizental (more in line with (right angle with trachea) trachea) division Before it enters Divides inside the the lung lung 4. Lungs Lung is pyramidal organ It has an apex, base, 2 surfaces and 3 borders. Right lung Left lung size Larger and Smaller and wider narrower (more bulge of the heart) length shorter longer Anterior straight Has cardiac border notch lobes 3 2 hilum 2 bronchi 1 bronchus 5. Pleura Closed serous sac formed of 2 layers surrounding lung Contains minimal amount of fluid injury of pleura may lead to pneumothorax or atelectasis Collection of excess fluid in pleura: 1. Serous fluid (hydrothorax) 2. Blood (heamothorax) 3. Pus (pyothorax)