6th Grade Science Cheat Sheet PDF

# States of Matter - **Solid** - Particles are tightly packed - Definite shape and volume - **Liquid** - Particles are closely spaced - Definite volume, but takes the shape of its container. - **Gas** - Particles are spread far apart - No definite shape or volume # Types of...

# States of Matter - **Solid** - Particles are tightly packed - Definite shape and volume - **Liquid** - Particles are closely spaced - Definite volume, but takes the shape of its container. - **Gas** - Particles are spread far apart - No definite shape or volume # Types of Matter ## Pure Substances - **Element** - Made up of a single type of atom - Represented by a chemical symbol (e.g. H for hydrogen) - **Compound** - Made up of more than one type of atom chemically combined - Represented by a chemical formula (e.g. H₂O for water) ## Mixtures - **Homogeneous** - Uniform composition - Creates a solution when completely dissolved (e.g. salt water) - **Heterogeneous** - Non-uniform composition - Does not dissolve (e.g. sand and water) # Types of Materials - **Metal** - Good conductor of heat and electricity - Ductile (can be drawn into wires) - Malleable (can be hammered flat) - High density - Not brittle - Solid at room temperature - **Non-metal** - Poor conductor of heat and electricity - Not lustrous - Not ductile - Not malleable - Low density - Brittle - Solid, liquid, or gas at room temperature - **Metalloid** - Semi-conductor of heat and electricity - Has properties of both metals and nonmetals - Solid at room temperature # Density of Liquids - A table with the following information: - Oil: low density - Water: medium density - Milk: medium density - Honey: high density # Physical and Chemical Changes ## Physical Change - Can be reversed - No new substance is formed - Examples: ice melting, cutting hair ## Chemical Change - Can not be reversed - A new substance is formed - Examples: burning wood, rusting metal # Forces - **Applied Force:** A push or pull on an object. - **Friction:** A force that resists motion. - **Normal Force:** A force that acts perpendicular to a surface. - **Gravity:** A force that pulls objects towards each other. - The more mass an object has, the stronger the force of gravity. - **Magnetism:** - **Attract:** opposite poles attract - **Repel:** same poles repel # Balanced and Unbalanced Forces - **Balanced:** A net force of zero - Equal forces cause no change in motion. - **Unbalanced:** A net force that is not zero - Unequal forces cause a change in motion # Newton's 3rd Law of Motion - For every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. # Energy - The ability to do work - **Potential Energy:** Stored energy - **Chemical** - **Nuclear** - **Elastic** - **Gravitational** - **Kinetic Energy**: Energy in motion - **Mechanical** - **Electrical** - **Thermal** - **Light** - **Sound** # Energy Transfer - **Electrical Circuit**: Conversion of electrical energy into light energy. - **Food Web:** Energy is transferred and lost at each trophic level. - Tertiary: 0.1% energy - Secondary: 1% energy - Primary: 10% energy - Producer: 100% energy - **Amusement Park Ride**: Potential and kinetic energy. - **Photosynthesis**: Conversion of radiant/light energy to chemical energy. - Carbon dioxide + water + light = sugar + oxygen # Waves - **Transverse Waves:** Travel perpendicular to the wave. - Examples: water waves, microwaves, x-rays - **Longitudinal Waves:** Vibrate parallel to the wave. - Examples: sound waves # Earth's Seasons - Diagram of Earth orbiting the sun, with the following seasons labeled: - Spring - Summer - Fall - Winter # Tides - Occur due to the Moon's gravitational pull. - **Spring Tide:** High ocean tide. - **Neap Tide:** Low ocean tide. # Earth's Spheres - **Geo:** Earth/Ground - **Atmo:** Air/Gas - **Hydro:** Water - **Cryo:** Ice/Freeze - **Bio:** Life # Layers of the Earth - **Oceanic Crust** - **Continental Crust** - **Lithosphere** - **Upper Mantle** - **Asthenosphere** - **Lower Mantle** - **Outer Core** - **Inner Core** # Rock Cycle - **Sedimentary Rock** - Formates due to the accumulation of sediments. - Examples: sandstone, limestone - **Metamorphic Rock** - Formed when existing rock is changed due to heat and pressure. - Examples: marble, slate. - **Igneous Rock** - Formed when magma (molten rock) cools and crystalizes. - Examples: granite, basalt # Conservation - **Conservation:** Protects resources by using them responsibly and preserving them for the future. - **Efficiency:** Makes sure that resources are widely used, reducing waste, and maximizing output. - **Technology:** Develops innovative ways to manage, renew, or reduce our reliance on limited resources. # We Can Help - A heart with the following actions around it: - Don't pollute - Turn off the TV - Plant trees and flowers - Clean up - Save water - Walk more - Recycle - Reduce - Rescue animals - Reuse - **WE Earth**