Engineering Concepts PDF

Class Overview The session begins with a confirmation of audio and video clarity before starting the discussion on 50 expected questions for an exam. Key Topics Discussed 1. Engineering Drawing Techniques: The most efficient technique for representing three-dimensional objects...

Class Overview The session begins with a confirmation of audio and video clarity before starting the discussion on 50 expected questions for an exam. Key Topics Discussed 1. Engineering Drawing Techniques: The most efficient technique for representing three-dimensional objects in two dimensions while maintaining accuracy is Orthographic Projection. 2. Material Properties: Shape Memory Alloys: Nitinol is highlighted for its ability to return to its original shape after deformation without requiring heat treatment. Ceramics: Their high melting point and low thermal expansion make them suitable for extreme temperature environments. 3. Thermodynamics: The second law of thermodynamics states that heat cannot flow spontaneously from a colder body to a hotter body without external work. The Brayton Cycle is primarily used in jet propulsion engines. 4. Desalination Challenges: The primary drawback of desalination as a large-scale water supply solution is the high energy consumption required for processes like reverse osmosis. 5. Project Management: The Critical Path in project management is defined as the sequence of activities that determines the minimum project duration. 6. Industrial Safety: The term HAZOP stands for Hazard and Operability Study, which is a systematic technique for identifying potential hazards. 7. Machine Learning: The best-suited algorithm for non-linear separable data is the Kernel Trick used in Support Vector Machines (SVM). 8. Solar Energy Challenges: Page 1 of 4  The biggest challenge in large-scale adoption of solar energy is the ability to store energy efficiently. 9. Global Warming Potential: Sulfur hexafluoride has the highest global warming potential, being 23,500 times more potent than carbon dioxide. 10. Food Storage: Vacuum-sealed packaging is primarily used to reduce bacterial growth by removing oxygen. 11. Engineering Ethics: The primary purpose of engineering ethics is to ensure public safety and uphold professional responsibility. 12. Lean Manufacturing: Lean principles focus on reducing production waste without sacrificing productivity. 13. Quantum Computing: High-temperature superconductors are being explored for their potential in quantum computing due to their zero electrical resistance properties. 14. Contactless Payment Technology: The technology widely used for contactless payments in smartphones and watches is Near Field Communication (NFC). 15. Wind Energy Limitations: The primary limitation of wind energy for large-scale electricity generation is its intermittent nature and dependency on wind speed. This summary encapsulates the key concepts and findings discussed in the session, providing a comprehensive overview of the topics covered. Key Concepts in Engineering and Management Intellectual Property and Patents: Patent: A legal right granted for an invention, allowing the patent holder to exclude others from making, using, or selling the invention without permission. Page 2 of 4  Patent Troll: A company that exploits patent rights for financial gain, often by suing others for infringement without producing any products. Manufacturing Processes: Automation: A systematic process that minimizes variability in manufacturing, leading to consistent quality. Control Chart: A statistical tool used to detect variability in manufacturing processes. Water Management: Rainwater Harvesting: A system aimed at conserving water and recharging groundwater. Maintenance Strategies: Predictive Maintenance: Uses advanced sensors and analytics to predict equipment failures, but has high initial setup costs. Preventive Maintenance: Regular maintenance to prevent equipment failures, generally less costly than predictive maintenance. Energy Management: Regenerative Braking: A technique used in electric vehicles to convert kinetic energy back into stored energy in the battery. Disaster Management: Incident Command System (ICS): A standardized framework for managing emergency responses, enhancing coordination among resources. Environmental Concerns: Biodiversity Loss: Primarily caused by climate change and desertification, which reduces habitat availability for species. Production Techniques: Just-In-Time (JIT) Production: A strategy to increase efficiency by reducing inventory costs and waste. Print on Demand (POD): A method used in various industries to print products only when there is demand, minimizing inventory. Fiber Optic Technology: Total Internal Reflection: The principle that allows fiber optic cables to transmit data over long distances with minimal loss. Page 3 of 4  Safety Protocols: Lockout-Tagout (LOTO): A safety procedure to ensure that machines are properly shut off and not able to be started up again before maintenance is completed. Ethical Principles in Engineering: Non-Maleficence: An ethical principle ensuring that engineers prioritize public safety over corporate profit. This summary encapsulates the essential concepts and practices relevant to engineering, manufacturing, environmental management, and ethical considerations in the field. Page 4 of 4