Roman Numerals (PDF)

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE Chapter Six Roman numbers Introduction In Standard Four, you learnt about reading and writing Roman numbers starting...

FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE Chapter Six Roman numbers Introduction In Standard Four, you learnt about reading and writing Roman numbers starting LY from 1 – 50, that is, I up to L. In this chapter, you will learn more on how to read and write Roman numbers starting from L up to M, which correspond to the Arabic numbers (numerals) 50 up to 1 000. In real life situation, Roman N numbers are used to show the hours on some analogue clocks and watches, listing items and rankings sucha as I, II, III and so on. They are also used in O naming classrooms, class levels, reading time and when writing preliminaries. Exercise 1: Revision SE Answer the following questions: U 1. Write the following numbers in words: (a) X (b) XII (c) IV (d) III (e) IX (f) XLIX E (g) XXIX (h) XIII (i) XXXVIII N (j) XXX (k) XXXIII (l) XXIV (m) XIX (n) VI (o) XXXIII LI 2. Write the following numbers in Roman: N (a) Twenty (b) Eighteen (c) Twenty-seven (d) Forty-seven O (e) Fifty (f) Sixteen (g) Twenty-nine (h) Thirty-one R 3. Write the following numbers in Roman: FO (a) 12 (b) 46 (c) 37 (d) 40 (e) 50 (f) 18 (g) 47 (h) 21 (i) 34 (j) 43 (k) 26 (l) 32 84 MATH std 5.indd 84 30/07/2021 14:49  FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE The Roman numbers L up to C Read the following numbers: Numbers in 50 60 70 80 90 100 numerals Roman L LX LXX LXXX XC C numbers Numbers in One LY Fifty Sixty Seventy Eighty Ninety words hundred N The Roman numbers I, X, and C correspond to the numbers 1, 10, and 100. These three Roman numbers are the key in writing other Roman numbers. O They have the following properties: (a) When written to the left of a larger number, they are subtracted and when SE written to the right of a larger number, they are added. (b) Cannot be repeated when written to the left of a greater number. (c) Cannot be repeated more than three times when written to the right of a U greater number. E Example 1 N Read and write the following numbers in words: LI (a) LXV (b) LXXVI N O Solution (a) LXV: 50 + 10 + 5 = 65 Therefore, LXV is sixty-five. R FO (b) LXXVI: 50 + 20 + 6 = 76 Therefore, LXXVI is seventy-six. 85 MATH std 5.indd 85 30/07/2021 14:49  FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE The numbers IV and IX are the ones. Therefore, if they are written to the right of a larger number, they are added to that number. Example 2 Read the following numbers: (a) XCIX : (100 – 10) + 9 = 90 + 9 = 99 Therefore, the number XCIX is ninety-nine. LY (b) LIV : 50 + 4 = 54 N Therefore, the number LIV is fifty-four. O Example 3 Read the numbers in the following table: SE U Roman number Number in words Number in numerals 1. LV Fifty-five 55 2. LIX Fifty-nine 59 E 3. LXXXIX Eighty-nine 89 N 4. LXXII Seventy-two 72 5. XCV Ninety-five 95 LI 6. LXIV Sixty-four 64 7. LVIII Fifty-eight 58 N 8. LXI Sixty-one 61 9. LXXIII Seventy-three 73 O 10. LXXXV Eighty-five 85 R FO 86 MATH std 5.indd 86 30/07/2021 14:49  FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE Exercise 2 Answer the following questions: 1. Read and write the following Roman numbers in words: (a) LXVII (b) LII (c) LXIV (d) XCVI (e) XCVIII (f) LXXVII (g) LXXXVII (h) LXXXII (i) LXXIV (j) LXIII LY 2. Write the following numbers in Roman: (a) 52 (b) 66 N (c) 70 (d) 81 (e) 93 (f) Fifty-one O (g) Sixty-three (h) Seventy-five (i) Eighty-four (j) Ninety-two SE 3. Arrange the following Roman numbers in ascending order: C, I, X, L, V, LXV, LXXXV, XCV, LV, LXXV. U 4. Write the missing Roman numbers in the following number pattern: LXXX, _____, LXXXII, _____, LXXXIV, _____. E N Roman numbers C up to D LI Read the following numbers: N Numbers in 100 200 300 400 500 O numerals Roman numbers C CC CCC CD D One Two Three Four Five R Numbers in words hundred hundred hundred hundred hundred FO 87 MATH std 5.indd 87 30/07/2021 14:49  FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE Example 1 Write the following numbers in Roman: (a) 205 (b) 362 Solution (a) 205 = 200 + 5 LY But 200 = CC and 5 = V. Therefore, 205 in Roman numbers is CCV. N (b) 362 = 300 + 60 + 2 But 300 = CCC, 60 = LX and 2 = II. O Therefore, 362 in Roman numbers is CCCLXII. Example 2 SE U Read and write the following Roman numbers in words: (a) CXVII (b) CDXLVI E N Solution (a) CXVII: 100 + 10 + 5 + 2 = 117 LI Therefore, CXVII is one hundred and seventeen. (b) CDXLVI: (500 – 100) + (50 – 10) + 6 = N 400 + 40 + 6 = 446 O Therefore, CDXLVI is four hundred and forty-six. R FO 88 MATH std 5.indd 88 30/07/2021 14:49  FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE Example 3 Read and write the following numbers: Number in Roman number Number in words numerals 1. CIV One hundred and four 104 2. CXIX One hundred and nineteen 119 3. CLXXVI One hundred and seventy-six 176 LY 4. CCXXII Two hundred and twenty-two 222 5. CCCXLIII Three hundred and forty-three 343 6. CCXXV Two hundred and twenty-five 225 N 7. CCCXXXVIII Three hundred and thirty-eight 338 O 8. CDXVII Four hundred and seventeen 417 9. CCLIV Two hundred and fifty-four 254 10. CDXXXI Four hundred and thirty-one 431 Exercise 3 SE U Answer the following questions: 1. Read and write the following Roman numbers in words: (a) CCCXXX (b) CCXIX (c) CCXCII E (d) CLXIX (e) CDXLVII N 2. Write the following numbers in Roman: LI (a) Four hundred and forty-four N (b) Five hundred (c) One hundred O (d) Two hundred and nine (e) Three hundred and fifty R (f) One hundred and fifteen (g) Two hundred and eight FO (h) Three hundred and twenty-seven (i) Four hundred and fifty-four (j) Four hundred and six 89 MATH std 5.indd 89 30/07/2021 14:49  FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE 3. Write the following numbers in Roman: (a) 108 (b) 211 (c) 374 (d) 435 (e) 442 The Roman numbers D up to M LY Read the following numbers: N Numbers in numerals Roman numbers Numbers in words 500 D Five hundred O 600 DC Six hundred 700 DCC Seven hundred 800 900 1000 DCCC CM M SE Eight hundred Nine hundred One thousand U Example 1 E Write the following Roman numbers in numerals: N (a) CMIX (b) DCCLXXIV LI Solution (a) CM = 900 and IX = 9. N CMIX = 900 + 9 = 999. O Therefore, CMIX = 909. (b) DCCLXXIV: 500 + 200 = 700; LXX = 50 + 20 = 70 and IV = 4. R DCCLXXIV = 700 + 70 + 4 = 774 FO Therefore, DCCLXXIV = 774. 90 MATH std 5.indd 90 30/07/2021 14:49  FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE Example 2 Read the following numbers: Number in Roman number Number in words numerals 1. DXI Five hundred and eleven 511 2. DCCXCIX Seven hundred and ninety-nine 799 3. DCLXXIV Six hundred and seventy-four 674 LY 4. DCCC Eight hundred 800 5. CMXXVII Nine hundred and twenty-seven 927 6. CMLXXXIV Nine hundred and eighty-four 984 N 7. CMXXXI Nine hundred and thirty-one 931 O 8. DL Five hundred and fifty 550 9. DCCXVI Seven hundred and sixteen 716 10. DCCXXVIII Seven hundred and twenty-eight 728 SE U Exercise 4 Answer the following questions: E 1. Read and write the following Roman numbers in words: N (a) CMXC (b) DCCL (c) CMXCVI (d) DLXXXIX LI (e) DLXXVIII (f) DLXIV N (g) CMLXVIII (h) CMLXXI (i) DCCLXV (j) CMLXX O (k) DCXCVII (l) CMXCVIII R 2. Write the following numbers in Roman: (a) Three hundred and twenty-one FO (b) Seven hundred and nine (c) Five hundred and fifty-eight (d) Eight hundred and eighteen 91 MATH std 5.indd 91 30/07/2021 14:49  FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE (e) Nine hundred and seventy-six (f) Eight hundred and fifty-five (g) Nine hundred and eighty-seven (h) Seven hundred and seventy-seven (i) Nine hundred and fifty (j) Five hundred and fifty-five LY Exercise 5 N Answer the following questions: 1. Write the following Roman numbers in words: O (a) CCCXIV (b) XCI (c) CCXCII (d) CCXXIV (e) (g) DCCI DCCCLXXI (f) (h) SE DCCCIX CMXCV (i) DXLVI (j) XCIII U 2. Karol was given a card with the number XLV and Anna was given a card with the number LXX. E (a) Who was given a card with a bigger number? N (b) Write the number on each card in numerals. LI 3. Two numbers were written on two cards. The first card had the number DCVI and the second card had the number CDXI. N (a) Which card had the bigger number? O (b) Write the number of the card which had smaller number in numerals. 4. Write the following numbers in Roman: R (a) Seven hundred FO (b) Seventy-one (c) Ninety-three (d) Two hundred and fifty-eight 92 MATH std 5.indd 92 30/07/2021 14:49  FOR ONLINE USE ONLY DO NOT DUPLICATE (e) Five hundred and thirty-three (f) Six hundred and ninety-six (g) Three hundred and eighty-two (h) Eight hundred and twenty-eight (i) Nine hundred and ninety-six (j) Two hundred and ninety-nine 5. Write the following numbers in Roman: LY (a) 21 (b) 12 (c) 32 (d) 700 (e) 66 (f) 311 N (g) 435 (h) 660 (i) 808 (j) 934 O Summary SE 1. The basic Roman numbers are I, V, X, L, C, D and M. U 2. The numbers V, L and D cannot be subtracted from a larger number. 3. The numbers I, X and C may be subtracted from a larger number as follows: E (a) I may be subtracted only from V and X as in IV and IX. N (b) X may be subtracted only from L and C as in XL and XC. (c) C may be subtracted only from D and M as in CD and CM. LI 4. The numbers I, X and C may individually be repeated only up to three times, as in III, XXX and CCC. N 5. There is no Roman symbol for number 0. O R FO 93 MATH std 5.indd 93 30/07/2021 14:49