Health And Life Threatening Conditions PDF

HEALTH OR LIFE THREATENING CONDITIONS Piotr Szwedziński 1 CHOKING 2  CHOKING - ADULT If the person has symptoms of partial airway obstruction (they can speak, cough, breathe): Øyou just need to encourage to cough If the in...

HEALTH OR LIFE THREATENING CONDITIONS Piotr Szwedziński 1 CHOKING 2  CHOKING - ADULT If the person has symptoms of partial airway obstruction (they can speak, cough, breathe): Øyou just need to encourage to cough If the injured person has symptoms of complete obstruction ( is unable to speak, cough or breathe, turns blue): Øimmediately perform 5 blows between the shoulder blades alternating with 5 abdominal thrusts Ø do not perform chest compressions until the choking person is conscious CHOKING - ADULT  CHOKING - ADULT If the injured person loses consciousness (collapses): Øplace him safely on the ground and start resuscitation (modified steps)  CHOKING - CHILD / INFANT You must adjust to the size of the choking child: Øin the case of small children, you should assume a crouching position behind them ØDuring the blows between the shoulder blades, you can put the child over your knees while remaining in a crouched position In infants, you should: Øholding the choking infant on your forearm with the head down, strike the child between the shoulder blades five times Øthen transfer them to the other forearm and start five chest compressions FAINT 7  FAINT SYMPTOMS: Short-term loss of consciousness Pale, sweaty, cold skin Rapid breathing CAUSES: Cardiovascular Strong psychological stimulus Stuffy rooms Clusters of people standing Sudden change of position from lying to standing  FAINT If the injured person faints: Øit should be placed safely on the ground Ølift his legs up Øprovide access to fresh air ØAfter about 30 seconds, check the vital signs CHEST PAIN 10  CHEST PAIN CAUSES OF CHEST PAIN: ü Myocardial infarction (angina pain) ü Lung diseases ü Muscle pain ü Gastric reflux 11  MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION SYMPTOMS: ü Severe pain in the substernal area, often radiating to the arms, front of the neck, jaw, teeth, back, upper abdomen, or shoulders ü Dyspnoea ü Fear of death ü Nausea, vomiting ü Increased sweating 12  MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION Patient should be "immobilized"in a sitting position Provide access to fresh air Continuously monitor vital signs until the ambulance arrives If the patient has a heart condition and has nitroglycerin spray or tablets with him, help him take them The patient should be given aspirin if available. If the patient stops breathing, start CPR immediately. STROKE 14  STROKE THERE ARE 2 TYPES OF STROKES: ü Hemorrhagic (stroke) ü Ischemic ("cerebral infarction") 15  STROKE Focal symptoms (limb weakness, sensory disturbances, drooping corner of the mouth, speech disturbances, hemiparesis – depending on the type of stroke and its extent) Disorders of consciousness Headaches and dizziness STROKE  STROKE PROCEDURE: ü Constant monitoring of vital signs until the ambulance arrives ü If the patient is not breathing, start CPR 18 DIABETES 19  HYPOGLYCEMIA decreased blood glucose level SYMPTOMS: ü Strong feeling of hunger ü Dripping sweat ü Weakness ü Anxiety ü Nausea ü Acceleration of heart rate ü Pupil dilation ü Visual disturbances ü Drowsiness à coma ü Respiratory and circulatory disorders à SCA 20  HYPERGLYCEMIA increased blood glucose level SYMPTOMS: ü Excessive thirst ü Dry mouth ü Increased urination ü Nausea ü "Acetone" odor from the mouth ü Drowsiness à coma ü Respiratory and circulatory disorders à SCA 21 SEIZURES 22  CONVULSIONS -EPILEPSY SEIZURE CAUSES: ü cerebral (epilepsy) ü feverish ü trauma, hypoxia PROCEDURE: ü Place the injured person in a safe position, protecting him from injuries (put something soft under patient head) ü Check for additional injuries ü Wait until the convulsions stop and call for help. 23 DYSPNOEA 24  DYSPNOEA DYSPNOEA is a subjective feeling of lack of air. Shortness of breath may occur as a symptom of dysfunction of the following systems: ü respiratory ü circulation ü nervous 25  DYSPNOEA - ASTHMA ATTACK CAUSES: ü Allergic disease - a reaction to an allergen in the form of bronchoconstriction ü An allergen can be "anything" SYMPTOMS: ü Dyspnea at rest (+ often cough) ü Pale skin or cyanosis ü Inhalation wheezing, exhalation difficult ü Heavy sweating ü Maybe a feeling of pressure in the chest ü Disturbances of consciousness, extreme fatigue ü Fear of death 26  DYSPNOEA - ASTHMA ATTACK PROCEDURE: ü Place the injured person in a sitting position ü Open the window in the room ü Calm the patient down ü Find out if the patient has the right medications (inhalers) with them. If so, help them take them. ü Monitor vital signs until the ambulance arrives ü If necessary, perform resuscitation. 27 Thank you for your attention 28