5G 1.3.pptx

5G Overall Vision • 5G will have profound impact on various fields and on the future of society, providing a flexible and adaptable service experience for different users and scenarios. Ultimately, it will achieve the vision of "Information at Your Fingertips, Everything Available", and enable IoE....

5G Overall Vision • 5G will have profound impact on various fields and on the future of society, providing a flexible and adaptable service experience for different users and scenarios. Ultimately, it will achieve the vision of "Information at Your Fingertips, Everything Available", and enable IoE. Industrial Agriculture Smart home Healthcare Mobile terminal VR Cloud gaming AR Cloud office Environment Education Transportation Finance Key Capabilities of IMT-2020 Defined by ITU Peak data rate User experienced data rate (Gbit/s) (Mbit/s) 20 1 10 10 Enhanced mobile broadband 3x 0.1 (Mbit/s/m2) 1x 100x Network energy efficiency 1x IMT-advanced 350 Spectrum efficiency 500 Mobility 105 106 User experienced data rate eMBB 100 IMT-2020 Area traffic capacity Peak data rate Area traffic capacity Spectrum efficiency Low Network energy efficiency Mobility (km/h) 10 URLLC mMTC 1 Connection density Latency (devices/km2) (ms) Ultra-reliable and low latency communications Massive machine type communications Connection density Latency Source: Recommendation ITU-R M.2083 5G is characterized by increased data rate, enhanced spectrum efficiency and reduced latency. 1000 times higher mobile data volume per geographical area., 10 to 100 times more connected devices. 10 times to 100 times higher typical user data rate., 10 times lower energy consumption. 5 Key Usage Scenarios Drive for 5G Enhanced Mobile Broadband eMBB 10 Gbps In-car AR & VR Cloud Gaming Enhanced Mobile Media Home Broadband In-venue Wireless Operations Broadband & TV 4K/8K UHD Video Ultra-reliable Low Latency Communications Industrial Automation Remote Manufacturing/Surgery Self-driving Vehicles Ultra-reliable applications Massive Machine type Communications mMTC 1 million connections/km2 URLLC 1 ms Smart Homes/Buildings Energy & Utilities Smart Agriculture Logistics Smart City Source: Recommendation ITU-R M.2083 5G connections will go beyond human beings’ communications, and will enable intelligent internet of things in the future. Next generation of telecommunication technologies will be adopted by a wider range of industries and sectors. 6 Differentiated 5G Service Requirements • 5G will usher in an era of Internet of Everything (IoE) and support three scenarios: eMBB, URLLC, and mMTC. These three scenarios include diversified and differentiated applications. URLLC High speed High reliability Massive connectivity Typical 5G Service Applications eMBB • Enhanced mobile broadband • High rate: 8-GB movie download in 3s URLLC • Ultra-reliable low-latency communication • Faster response (1/10 to 1/50) mMTC • Massive machine-type communications • 100 billion connections by 2025 AR/VR Autonomous driving mMTC Live sports UAV Smart city Smart manufacturing IoV 3D/8K HD video VR/AR/MR Services Require High Rates VR: Virtual Reality Everything you see is virtual. AR: Augmented Reality An information screen is superimposed on the real-life environment. MR: Mixed Reality Interaction with real and virtual objects is enabled. Cloud VR Requires 5G's High Rates Cloud gaming Cloud computer Cloud VR/AR/MR Low cost, lightweight, mobility 5G network Cloud processing AR/VR experience New Services Require Low Latency • Low-latency services such as autonomous driving, remote surgery, and human-robot collaboration require a response time of less than 10 ms. Service freeze and delay are unacceptable. Bandwidth (High) 1 Gbps 1–10 ms AR/VR 10 ms 1 Gbps Remote surgery 100 Mbps 1–10 ms 300 Mbps Autonomou 1 ms 50 Mbps s driving 10 Mbps 1 ms 1–10 Mbps 1 Mbps 1 ms Humanrobot collaboratio n 5 ms Remote medical diagnosis 10 ms 50 Mbps UAV delivery 10 ms 15 Mbps 20 ms High-speed train 100 Mbps 20 ms 50 Mbps 20 ms 10 Mbps < 100 ms Mobile 10 Mbps broadcast Smart Secs–hr wearable < 1 Mbps s Latency (High) 10 ms 20 ms Second s Added distance Latency Autonomous Driving Requires 5G's UltraLowLatency Driving speed: 100 km/h Braking distance LTE cm cm The Emergence of IoT • The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) technology enables the interconnection of everything. Massive intelligent terminals are widely used in industries, agriculture, education and healthcare, transportation and energy, financial information, and the environment and home. Large-scale IoT Requires 5G's Strong Connectivity Smart greenhouse Smart environmental protection Smart greenhouse Hydrology monitoring Smart livestock breeding Smart smoke detector Smart garbage box Geomagnetic sensor Smart Manhole Cover Smart monitoring Smart fire hydrant Key 5G Performance Objectives Latency Throughput Connections Network Architecture 1 ms 10 Gbps 1 million Slicing air interface latency per connection connections per km2 capability 100 Mbps 10000 Flexibility 30x–50x 30–50 ms Mobile Communications Standards Organizations ITU 3GPP International Telecommunication 3rd Generation Partnership Project Union 3GPP, founded in 1998, consists of ITU is a specialized agency of the United telecommunication standardization Nations for international organizations in many countries and regions. telecommunication standards. ITU working groups: • 3G: IMT-2000 • 4G: IMT-Advanced • 5G: IMT-2020 Standardization organization ATIS ETSI ARIB TTC CCSA TTA TSDSI 5G Starts from 3GPP Release 15 5G NR Rel-15 Rel-16 Rel-17 .. . Rel-14 Rel-15 Rel-16 Rel-17 .. . LTE-A LTE Rel-12 Rel-13 • 5G New Radio • 5G Next Generation Core • LTE Advanced Pro Evolution • EPC Evolution Network Evolution from 4G to 5G 3 Transit network 4G/5G hybrid network gNode B gNodeBs are introduced in the early and middle stages of network deployment. eNodeBs and gNodeBs coexist. U E eNode B EP C The 5GC is introduced in the middle and late stages of deployment. eNodeBs gradually withdraw from the network. 2 Target network 1Legacy network U E eNode B EP C U E gNode B 5G C 5G Networking Architecture eNode B Non- Stand alone U E gNode B EPC/ 5GC Stand alone U E gNode B 5GC SA Networking Architecture EPC 5GC 5GC EPC eNodeB gNodeB eLTE eNodeB gNodeB UE UE UE UE Option 1 Option 2 Option 5 Option 6 NSA Network Architecture EP C Data split anchor eNode B gNode B eNode B U E Option 3 eLTE eNodeB U E Option 7 gNode B EP C eNode B U E gNode B Data split anchor 5G C gNode B eLTE eNodeB Data split anchor U E Option 3a 5G C Data split anchor Data split anchor EP C gNode B U E Option 7a Option 3x 5G C eLTE eNodeB gNode B U E Option 7x Data split anchor NSA Network Architecture (Cont.) 5GC eLTE eNodeB gNodeB Option 4 5GC Data split anchor eLTE eNodeB gNodeB Option 4a Data split anchor 5G Network Architecture Evolution Option 1 Evolution path 1 Option 2 Evolution path 2 Option 3x Evolution path 3 Option 3x Option 7x Option 3x Option 4 Option 3x Option 7x Evolution path 4 Evolution path 5 Option 4 All-Cloud Network Architecture Edge cloud + regional cloud + core cloud Edge Edge cloud cloud Access point Edge cloud computing Backhaul Backhaul SDN/NFV O&M Regional Regional cloud cloud Regional cloud DC Backhaul Backhaul Core Core cloud cloud Core DC SOC Network Architecture NBIoT Fixe d Unlicense d Flexible architecture CUP S SOC (Service-oriented core) Video services Programmabilit y SB A Slicin g Smart pipe Nativ e Cloud All services Wi-Fi All access modes 2/3/4/5 G Voice services Autonomous driving Manufacturin g Smart city Telemedicine SBA Network Architecture EP C HS S MME PCR F NEF AMF S1-U PCF 3rd-party Functions ID Mgnt AF 2 NRF Service Management Framework S1-MME LTE UDM 5G C CoreCP SG W SMF AUSF Encrypt SMSF … PGW N4 LTE N2 NR N3   Large-scale network with inter-NE coupling function Long time to standardize new functions    CoreUP Simplified network with fewer interfaces Decoupled functions and open architecture Independent services and fast innovation On to 5G!  goal: 10x increase in peak bitrate, 10x decrease in latency, 100x increase in traffic capacity over 4G  5G NR (new radio):  two frequency bands: FR1 (450 MHz–6 GHz) and FR2 (24 GHz–52 GHz): millimeter wave frequencies  not backwards-compatible with 4G  MIMO: multiple directional antennae  millimeter wave frequencies: much higher data rates, but over shorter distances  pico-cells: cells diameters: 10-100 m  massive, dense deployment of new base stations required Wireless and Mobile Networks: 7- 29 5G Usage scenarios • Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB): • Support very high data rates. 5G performance targets recommended by ITU suggest, peak data rate of 20 Gbps in downlink and 10 Gbps in uplink • Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLLC): • Support <1 ms latency in access network • Support <10 ms latency end to end • For low-latency applications such as AR/VR, V2X communication, ehealth services. • Reliability > 99% (meaning that a packet reaches the destination in the allowed latency budget in 99% of the cases) • Massive machine Type Communication (mMTC): • • • • Support very high connection density. Smart cities, Industrial IoT cases fall under this category. generally these applications expect low data rates. Between 10,000 and 1,000,000 devices per km². 5GC VS EPC EPC Function Entity MME Mobility management AMF Authentication management AUSF PDN session management PDN-GW 5GC Function Entity PDN session management User-plane data forwarding SMF UPF SGW User-plane data forwarding PCRF Charging and policy control PCF HSS Subscriber database UDM 4G shortfalls • Enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB): • For 4G networks, peak data rate of 1000 Mbps in downlink and 500 Mbps in uplink. This data rate is insufficient to support the eMBB scenarios. • Ultra-Reliable and Low Latency Communication (URLLC): • Multiplayer gaming applications, industrial robots, self-driving cars and many such time-critical applications demand quick response – at times requiring network latency less than 1 ms, which 4G networks struggle to achieve or can't manage at all • Network Slicing: • There is a need to separate users, devices and applications that require a different quality of service for different use cases. From 4G to 5G • HSS  UDM : is analogous to the Home Subscriber Server (HSS), providing authentication credentials while being employed by the AMF and SMF to retrieve subscriber data and context. • MME  functionality has been divided into: • AMF (Access and mobility function): handles the UE registration and mobility management • SMF (session management function): handles the PDU session management • AUSF (authentication server function): handles the UE authentication part based on authentication vectors from Unified Data Management (which stores the UE subscription data and user-context). • S-GW & P-GW  functionality have been divided into : • SMF (session management function): handles the UE IP address assignment and UPF selection • UPF (user plane function): acts as PDU session anchor – it is responsible for packet routing, QoS enforcement and charging functionality 4G to 5G AMF: Access & Mobility Function • Access point for UE and mobility management • Knows the subscriber location (cell or tracking area) • Tracking area: group of cells • Registration area: new concept • • • • Formed from learning the pattern of use Setup from beginning (case of IoT) Reduces the signaling cost (less location update) If a call arrives  page in registration area • Key role in authenticating the subscriber • Cyphering and Integrity protection • Provides the device a temp id GUTI • GUTI .. Globally Unique Temporary Id • SUPI = IMSI .. SUbscription Permanent Id SMF: Session Management Function • Session management ( start and terminate sessions) • Liaison with PCF for policy and QoS enforcement • UE IP address allocation • Selection and control of UPF • QoS rules to UE • Sends QoS profile to RAN (i.e. gNB) • Sends SDF template (PDU rule) to UPF UPF: User Plane Function • Acts as an anchor point during NG • Ensures QoS • SDF filtering and applying QoS flow id • Packet routing and forwarding PCF: Policy Control Function • Takes dynamic decision based on present network condition •  ask SMF to throttle or deny a session • Decides or correct resource allocation UDM: Unified Data Management • Contains central registry of subscriber information and data network profile • Involved in access autherization • Involved in registration and mobility management New 5G core functions • Network Slice Selection Function (NSSF): NSSF helps in setting up multiple virtual network slices of the RAN, core and transport networks to meet specific service requirements. • Network Exposure Function (NEF): This is the capability exposure function used by the external network entities to interface with 5G core network. • Network Repository Function (NRF): It aids the 5G service-based architecture. It acts as repository of all services offered by the different network functions. The 5G base station : gNB • In order to support high data rates and low latency needs of 5G, the access network has been revamped. • At the access side, the 4G eNodeB (eNB) is now called 5G gNB (next-generation node B): • The gNB is split into two parts: • gNB centralized unit (gNB-CU) and gNB distributed unit (gNB-DU). • Both are connected to each other using ethernet based IP midhaul network. • Generally, gNB-CU is virtualized and runs in context of virtualized core or virtualized edge. • gNB-DU might be integrated with the radio head or can be virtualized and run on the edge or cloud. The 5G base station : gNB • Central Unit (CU): It is a logical node that includes the gNB functions like Transfer of user data, Mobility control, Radio access network sharing, Positioning, Session Management etc., except those functions allocated exclusively to the DU. CU controls the operation of DUs over front-haul (Fs) interface. A central unit (CU) may also be known as BBU/REC/RCC/C-RAN/V-RAN • Distributed Unit (DU): This logical node includes a subset of the gNB functions, depending on the functional split option. Its operation is controlled by the CU. Distributed Unit (DU) also known with other names like RRH/RRU/RE/RU. Base Station Architecture AU AA U RU CPRI/ eCPRI DU BB U CU Core Networ k Antenn a RRU CPRI/ eCPRI DU BB U CU Wireless Site Deployment AA U RR U AA U Cloc k Power supply solution BB U Distributed radio access network (DRAN) Power supply solution Cloc k Power supply solution for BBU Fronthau l BB U BBU cabinet Centralized radio access network (CRAN) Fronthaul Requirement — Higher-Rate CPRI Interface Massive MIMO AAU 120 100 100 80 CPRI bandwidth increased by 80x 60 64 5x 4G 5G 40 20 16x 20 4 0 BBU Signal bandwidth (MHz) Number of antennas CUPS Improves User Experience and Network Efficiency 2G/3G/4G core network 50 ms 5G core network 5 ms C P AMF/SMF/UDM/ NRF/AUSF/NEF… PS-GW/ MME/ PCRF/HSS UP Charging, anchor... UP (ULCL) 1 Gbps/Site 10 Gbps/Site UP (ULCL) CDN APP server Central DC:  Centralized signaling plane for simplified O&M  Service-based architecture for agile O&M Local DC:  Local traffic processing  Seamless mobile service anchor Edge DC:  User experience improvement  Native MEC capability Cloud Native Charging mgmt Service awareness Device mgmt Mobility mgmt QoS Policy control Service forwarding Short message User data User mgmt eMBB slice Voice Service tuning Easy orchestration mMTC slice URLLC slice Service cloudification What Is Network Slicing? • Network slicing is a technology that virtualizes multiple E2E networks on universal hardware. Each network provides different capabilities to meet diverse service requirements. eMBB slice eMBB slice mMTC slice Physical resources accessconnectioncomputingstorage Physical resources accessconnectioncomputingstorage Physical resources accessconnectioncomputingstorage Why to Use 5G Network Slicing? 4G network: voice, text, and Internet access 4G network 4G network: no slicing, resource preemption by multiple services Mobile broadband Service/ Device Service/ Industry Voice and 4G networ k Low latency and high reliability Voice & Internet access Autonomous driving Smart water meter Slicin g 5G network: supporting Service/Device slicing and service isolation Mobile broadband: 20 Gbps Low latency and high reliability: < 1 ms Massive connections: 1 million/km2 Autonomou s driving Smart water meter Massive connections 5G network: voice/Internet access, IoT, low latency, high reliability Internet access Service/ Industry Voice & Internet access 5G network Autonomous driving Smart water meter MEC Centralized resource deployment Distributed resource deployment Close to terminals