Life Science Review 1 PDF Past Paper

TEST NAME: Life Science Review 1 TEST ID: 5823772 GRADE: 08 - Eighth Grade SUBJECT: Life and Physical Sciences TEST CATEGORY: School Assessment Life Science Review 1...

TEST NAME: Life Science Review 1 TEST ID: 5823772 GRADE: 08 - Eighth Grade SUBJECT: Life and Physical Sciences TEST CATEGORY: School Assessment Life Science Review 1 Page 1 of 19 01/09/25, Life Science Review 1 Student: Class: Date: Read the passage - 'Similarities in Fossils' - and answer the question below: Similarities in Fossils Read the passage and answer the following question(s). Similarities in Fossils Figure 1 depicts the limbs of a human, lizard, cat, whale, bat, frog, and bird. The different bones in each limb are shaded and labeled using the human arm as a key. Figure 2 is a cladogram representing the evolutionary links between organisms. Figure 1 Figure 2 Life Science Review 1 Page 2 of 19 1. Using Figures 1 and 2, complete the following statements. The limb of a human is most closely related to a 1 - (A) lizard (B) mouse (C) bird. The limb of a frog is most closely related to a 2 - (A) mouse (B) bird (C) lizard. The limb of a whale is most closely related to a 3 - (A) bird (B) bat (C) mouse Read the passage - 'Similarities in Fossils' - and answer the question below: 2. Why would the limb structures of a frog and a human be so similar in shape and organization compared to the limb structures of a whale and bat? A. Both frogs and humans use their limbs in similar ways when gripping objects. B. Both frogs and humans evolved at the same time. C. Both frogs and ancestral humans moved on land using all of their limbs. D. Both frogs and humans derived from the same ancestors. Read the passage - 'Similarities in Fossils' - and answer the question below: 3. Although birds and bats have a similar forearm, their wings are quite different. A bird wing is covered in feathers that are attached to the arm. A bat wing is made from skin that is attached to the arm and between each finger bone. The graphic shows the two wing types. Which option BEST describes the evolution of these features of bats and birds? A. The forearms of birds and bats are similar in structure, so this feature did not come from a common ancestor. The wings of birds and bats are not similar in structure so this feature came from a common ancestor. B. The forearms of birds and bats are similar in structure, so this feature came from a common ancestor. The wings of birds and bats are not similar in structure so this feature did not come from a common ancestor. C. The forearms of birds and bats are similar in function, so this feature came from a common ancestor. The wings of birds and bats are not similar in function so this feature did not come from a common ancestor. D. The forearms of birds and bats are not similar in function, so this feature did not come from a common ancestor. The wings of birds and bats are similar in function so this feature came from a common ancestor. Read the passage - 'Similarities in Fossils' - and answer the question below: Life Science Review 1 Page 3 of 19 4. Use the drop-down menus below to complete the sentences about Figures 1 and 2. The limbs of the organisms in Figure 1 have 1 - (A) similar (B) different structures, which 2 - (A) supports (B) does not support the explanation that they share a common ancestor for that feature. In Figure 2, the 3 - (A) bat and bird (B) bat and mouse (C) lizard and mouse (D) lizard and bat are the most closely related. Read the passage - 'Populations of Brown and Green Beetles' - and answer the question below: Populations of Brown and Green Beetles Read the passage and answer the following question(s). Populations of Brown and Green Beetles The average number of brown beetles and green beetles fluctuates in a local population. During times of drought, the population of brown beetles flourishes, while the green beetle population increases during a rainy season. This is an example of natural selection. 5. Which BEST describes how the genetic color variation within the beetle population helps them to survive? A. The color variation helps them to locate food. B. The color variation helps them to avoid predators. C. The color variation helps them compete for resources. D. The color variation helps them find mates for reproduction. Read the passage - 'Populations of Brown and Green Beetles' - and answer the question below: Life Science Review 1 Page 4 of 19 6. Click the month in the graph that represents the end of the drought and the beginning of a rainy season. Read the passage - 'Red Squirrel Population' - and answer the question below: Red Squirrel Population Read the passage and answer the following question(s). Red Squirrel Population Red squirrels are small mammals that can be found in forest habitats. Red squirrels make their home in trees and eat seeds, acorns, insects, and pine cones. Scientists observed a population of red squirrels in an area for a period of seven years. In 2014, additional rainfall led to an abundance of tree growth, increasing the available amount of seeds, acorns, insects, and pine cones. In 2015, a population of grey squirrels moved into the area. Grey squirrels also live in trees and eat acorns and insects. The graph shows the population of red squirrels in the area from 2012 to 2019. Life Science Review 1 Page 5 of 19 7. Which sentence correctly interprets the data in the graph and the information in the passage? A. In 2014, the population of red squirrels decreased because there was less available space. B. In 2015, the population of red squirrels decreased because there was less competition for food. C. In 2014, the population of red squirrels increased because there was more available food. D. In 2015, the population of red squirrels increased because there was more available space. Read the passage - 'Red Squirrel Population' - and answer the question below: 8. Which statement is supported by the data in the passage? A. Population size is dependent on the availability of mates. B. Population size is dependent on the number of predators. C. Population size is dependent on the availability of resources. D. Population size is dependent on the temperature of an area. Read the passage - 'Red Squirrel Population' - and answer the question below: 9. Use the drop-down menus to complete the statements about grey squirrels and red squirrels. Red squirrels and grey squirrels require living resources such as 1 - (A) acorns and water (B) plants and grasses (C) sunlight and oxygen and nonliving resources such as 2 - (A) trees (B) mates (C) space. This creates 3 - (A) predation (B) competition (C) cooperation between the species. Read the passage - 'Red Squirrel Population' - and answer the question below: 10. What statement correctly describes a cause and effect relationship between red squirrels and changes to the ecosystem? A. The amount of available space increased when the population of red squirrels increased. B. The amount of available food increased when the population of red squirrels increased. C. The population of red squirrels increased when the amount of available food increased. D. The population of red squirrels increased when the number of grey squirrels increased. Read the passage - 'Passage 6431' - and answer the question below: Passage 6431 Life Science Review 1 Page 6 of 19 Read the passage and answer the following question(s). Passage 6431 Directions: When students set up an aquarium in the biology classroom, they are creating an artificial ecosystem. Even though this aquatic ecosystem depends upon humans to maintain it, the aquarium has all the components of a natural ecosystem. Use this information to answer the questions that follow. 11. If there were a power failure, which component of the artificial aquarium ecosystem would survive the longest? A. consumers B. producers C. decomposers D. all would die at the same rate Read the passage - 'Forest Food Web' - and answer the question below: Forest Food Web Read the passage and answer the following question(s). Forest Food Web The model below represents part of a food web in an area of a forest. Use this food web to answer the questions that follow. Life Science Review 1 Page 7 of 19 12. The table below shows several changes that can occur in the forest ecosystem represented by the food web. Determine whether the change in the ecosystem will increase or decrease the population size of the beetle larvae. Drag and drop the correct choice into the appropriate space. Each choice may be used more than once. Read the passage - 'Forest Food Web' - and answer the question below: 13. Which BEST describes how a reduction in resources can affect members of a population? A. It can reduce competition and decrease their rate of reproduction. B. It can reduce competition and increase their rate of reproduction. C. It can increase competition and decrease their rate of reproduction. D. It can increase competition and increase their rate of reproduction. Read the passage - 'Ecosystems' - and answer the question below: Ecosystems Read the passage and answer the following question(s). Ecosystems The diagrams show food webs that can be found in a desert ecosystem and a forest ecosystem. Life Science Review 1 Page 8 of 19 14. Which BEST describes the role of insects in both ecosystems? A. In both ecosystems, insects help to control producer populations and are a source of food for other consumers. B. In both ecosystems, insects help to control consumer populations and are a source of food for producers. C. Insects control the consumer population in the desert ecosystem, and provide food for producers in the forest ecosystem. D. Insects control the producer population in the desert ecosystem, and provide food for consumers in the forest ecosystem. Read the passage - 'Energy from Food' - and answer the question below: Energy from Food Read the passage and answer the following question(s). Energy from Food Kyle is studying how the human body gets energy from food. He draws the model shown below to represent this process, with the letters X, Y, and Z representing missing labels. Life Science Review 1 Page 9 of 19 15. Which statement BEST describes the movement of matter through the model? A. matter is not transformed, and not conserved B. matter is transformed, and conserved C. matter is not transformed, but conserved D. matter is transformed, but not conserved Read the passage - 'Energy from Food' - and answer the question below: 16. Which statement correctly describes the process occurring in the model? A. Food is being broken down by chemical reactions to create different molecules needed in the body. B. Food is being transformed by chemical reactions into heat to create different energy needed in the body. C. Food is being replaced by cellular building blocks to create different molecules needed in the body. D. Food is being processed into different molecules by heat to create different energy needed in the body. Read the passage - 'Energy from Food' - and answer the question below: 17. Use the drop-down menus to complete the statements. Atoms in food are rearranged through 1 - (A) chemical reactions (B) physical reactions to form new molecules. The number of each type of atom before the reaction is 2 - (A) greater than (B) less than (C) equal to the number of each type of atom after the reaction. When the food molecules are broken down, energy is 3 - (A) destroyed (B) absorbed (C) released. Read the passage - 'Energy from Food' - and answer the question below: Life Science Review 1 Page 10 of 19 18. What is the BEST example of how food molecules are used in an organism? A. Fats and carbohydrates in a sandwich are broken down and transformed to create new functions in the body. B. Fats and carbohydrates in a sandwich are broken down and immediately moved to be stored in the body. C. Fats and carbohydrates in a sandwich are broken down and immediately removed to make more room in the body. D. Fats and carbohydrates in a sandwich are broken down and transformed to make different structures in the body. Read the passage - 'The Reintroduction of Wolves into Yellowstone' - and answer the question below: The Reintroduction of Wolves into Yellowstone Read the passage and answer the following question(s). The Reintroduction of Wolves into Yellowstone All of the organisms in an ecosystem play an important role. These roles contribute to the transfer of energy and the cycling of matter that maintain the balance and stability of the ecosystem. When a key species is added or removed, it can affect several different levels of the ecosystem. The removal and reintroduction of wolves into Yellowstone National Park is an example of how one species can affect an entire ecosystem. Yellowstone National Park was established in 1872 and contains many rivers, lakes, and landforms which support diverse ecosystems. The park is home to many different species of mammals, birds, fish, and plants. Willow and aspen trees are important species in Yellowstone. Beavers use the trees for building materials, birds use them to build their nests, and many organisms rely on them for food. Gray wolves are pack animals that live and hunt in groups. They are carnivores, with the majority of their diet consisting of elk. Occasionally, deer, smaller mammals, and bison will complete their diet. Wolf kills provide carrion (dead animals) for scavenger animals throughout the year. Elk are large, ungulate (hooved) mammals that also live in groups called herds. Elk are herbivores that are both grazers (feed on grasses) and browsers (feed on leaves, shoots, shrubs, berries, fruits, woody plants, and trees). The diagrams show a simplified food web and food chain from Yellowstone. Life Science Review 1 Page 11 of 19 Both gray wolves and elk were present in Yellowstone when the park was first established. As more human settlement occurred near the park, more encounters took place between wolves and human livestock. By the end of the 1920s, gray wolves had been eliminated entirely from Yellowstone by hunters and farmers. The loss of wolves affected the entire ecosystem. As the elk population increased, trees, bushes, shrubs, grasses, and other plant growth decreased. Without wolves, elk spent more time grazing and browsing willow (Geyer and Booth) and aspen trees in riparian areas (land on the banks of rivers). The increased browsing prevented young willow and aspen from maturing into trees. The changes in the ecosystem negatively affected the populations of many other species. In 1995, wolves were reintroduced in Yellowstone. Scientists observed the effect of the reintroduction on several species over 15 years. The effect on elk, willow, and aspen trees are shown. Life Science Review 1 Page 12 of 19 19. The data shows the simplified diet of a bear in Yellowstone. How were bears MOST LIKELY affected by the loss of wolves in Yellowstone? A. They would have had less food year-round, especially after hibernation in March. B. They would have had more food year-round, especially after hibernation in March. C. They would have had less food year-round, especially before hibernation in November. D. They would have had more food year-round, especially before hibernation in November. Read the passage - 'The Reintroduction of Wolves into Yellowstone' - and answer the question below: 20. Beavers are excellent builders that use trees to create dams in the water. Dams are made of logs, sticks, branches, and then sealed with mud. Dams help to slow and redirect the flow of water. Beavers are herbivores that eat the bark, stems, leaves, and twigs of trees along with other aquatic plants. Beavers have many predators, including coyotes, bears, foxes, and wolves. The graph shows the beaver colony populations in Yellowstone after the reintroduction of wolves. Which statement BEST describes the beaver population? A. The beaver population increased because they had fewer predators. B. The beaver population decreased because they had less available food. C. The beaver population increased because they had more available trees. D. The beaver population decreased because they had more competition for resources. Read the passage - 'The Reintroduction of Wolves into Yellowstone' - and answer the question below: Life Science Review 1 Page 13 of 19 21. Use the drop-down menus to complete the statements. Bison and elk both compete for 1 - (A) aspen trees (B) willow trees (C) grasses (D) shrubs. An increase in the elk population would 2 - (A) increase (B) decrease the resources available to bison, 3 - (A) increasing (B) decreasing their populations. 22. The diagram shows the change in a moth population that occurred over many generations during the Industrial Revolution. What MOST LIKELY caused the change in the moth population? A. More light-colored moths survived and passed on their traits to offspring, decreasing the number of dark-colored moths in the population. B. More light-colored moths survived and passed on their traits to offspring, increasing the number of dark-colored moths in the population. C. More dark-colored moths survived and passed on their traits to offspring, increasing the number of dark-colored moths in the population. D. More dark-colored moths survived and passed on their traits to offspring, decreasing the number of dark-colored moths in the population. 23. Complete each of the following 2 activities (A - B) for Question 23. Read the passage - 'Populations of Brown and Green Beetles' - and answer the question below: Populations of Brown and Green Beetles Read the passage and answer the following question(s). Populations of Brown and Green Beetles The average number of brown beetles and green beetles fluctuates in a local population. During times of drought, the population of brown beetles flourishes, while the green beetle population increases during a rainy season. This is an example of natural selection. Life Science Review 1 Page 14 of 19 23A. The following question has two parts. First, answer Part A. Then, answer Part B. Part A: Using the graph, select the month in which the green beetles first begin to have an advantage over the brown beetles. A. May B. July C. August D. September Read the passage - 'Populations of Brown and Green Beetles' - and answer the question below: 23B. Part B: Provide an explanation for the month selected in Part A. A. It is the beginning of the dry season when green beetles are better camouflaged in the environment. B. It is the beginning of the rainy season when green beetles require fewer resources in order to survive. C. It is the beginning of the dry season when green beetles are less likely to compete with each other. D. It is the beginning of the rainy season when green beetles are better able to survive and reproduce. Life Science Review 1 Page 15 of 19 24. In a food web, matter is transferred from organism to organism, A. and it never runs out. B. and it is used up completely. C. and then it is lost into the environment. D. and then it is recycled into the environment. 25. The picture shows a food web. Which of the following shows the correct order of organisms according to their role in recycling of matter in the food web? A. fish → seal → polar bear B. bacteria → fish → seal C. ice algae → krill → fish D. krill → fish → bacteria 26. After a top-level consumer in the food chain dies, where do the matter and energy from that organism go? A. The matter and energy will remain with the dead organism. B. The matter and energy disappear when the organism dies. C. The matter and energy go from the dead organism to the environment and are lost. D. The matter and energy go to the bacteria that recycle it into the environment. Life Science Review 1 Page 16 of 19 27. Mazie made a list of things she observed in her backyard. grass worms soil Sun clouds hawk ants flowers water rabbit snake Which shows the correct transfer of energy in the backyard? A. grass → Sun → rabbit → snake → soil B. water → rabbit → flower → hawk → ants C. worm → rabbit → snake → hawk → clouds D. Sun → grass → rabbit → snake → hawk 28. Penicillin is an antibiotic that is widely prescribed to treat many infections. Penicillin treats infections by preventing the proper assembly of an invading organism's cell wall. The improper assembly results in a fragile wall that bursts, killing the invading organism without harming the human host. The diagram below shows two common invading organisms that negatively affect human health. Which statement BEST describes the relationship between penicillin and invading organisms? A. Antibiotics are effective at killing both viruses and bacteria because they use human hosts. B. Penicillin is effective at killing bacteria but ineffective against viruses because bacteria are larger. C. Antibiotics are effective at killing both viruses and bacteria because they contain genetic material. D. Penicillin is effective at killing bacteria but ineffective against viruses because viruses lack a cell wall. Life Science Review 1 Page 17 of 19 29. Which statement BEST compares a pandemic disease to an epidemic disease? A. Pandemic diseases occur within specific areas, while epidemic diseases can spread worldwide. B. Pandemic diseases can spread worldwide, while epidemic diseases occur within specific areas. C. Pandemic diseases are transmitted through air-borne pathogens, while epidemic diseases are transmitted through blood-borne pathogens. D. Pandemic diseases are transmitted through blood-borne pathogens, while epidemic diseases are transmitted through air-borne pathogens. 30. Malaria is an insect-borne disease that currently affects regions in Africa, Central and South America, and Southeast Asia. Swine flu is a contagious virus that began in Mexico in 2009 and spread to countries all over the world. Malaria is an example of 1 - (A) an epidemic (B) a pandemic , while swine flu is an example of 2 - (A) an epidemic (B) a pandemic. 31. Many efforts were made to control the virus responsible for the 2009 swine flu pandemic. The table shows the pros and cons of some of the measures used to protect the population. Measure Pros Cons Can treat secondary bacterial Does not treat or Antibiotics infections caused from the prevent the virus virus Used to build a natural Must be given prior immunity to prevent the to contraction of the Vaccinations contraction and transmission disease for of a disease prevention Only administered Antiviral Used to treat the symptoms of once the virus has Medications the virus in people infected been contracted People must stay Used to reduce the Isolation and away from public transmission of disease from Quarantine places and other one person to another people Which measure would be MOST effective in preventing the spread of the virus while still allowing people to go about their daily lives? A. widespread use of antibiotics B. implementing a vaccination program C. complete lockdown of the infected area D. widespread use of antiviral medications Life Science Review 1 Page 18 of 19 32. Which TWO methods help prevent the spread of a virus? Pick up to 5 answers. A. receiving fewer vaccinations B. gathering crowds indoors for a large event C. using soap and water when washing hands D. properly cleaning and disinfecting hard surfaces E. decreasing or removing ventilation in homes and offices Life Science Review 1 Page 19 of 19