The XIX Century: Romantic Period & Nationalisms - PDF

THE XIX CENTURY ROMANTIC PERIOD and NATIONALISMS Almudena Lorente 1. During the XIX century, after the French Revolution, the society praised mankind´s freedom above all things. 2. The XIX century was the century of the Industrial Revolution. 3....

THE XIX CENTURY ROMANTIC PERIOD and NATIONALISMS Almudena Lorente 1. During the XIX century, after the French Revolution, the society praised mankind´s freedom above all things. 2. The XIX century was the century of the Industrial Revolution. 3. The most powerful european countries got their colonies in Asia, America or Africa. 4. The Romantic period covered the XIX century. 5. For the first time, Music was considered above the rest of arts. 1. The Romantic period covered the XIX century. 2. For the first time, Music was considered above the rest of Arts. 3. The composer was no longer constraint by a patron, and he was admired and recognize as a “genius” by the audience. 4. Music was more concerned about the expression of personal and intimate feelings than the external form of the compositions. The melody was the most important element and it grew free, intense, and 5. beautiful. The orchestra was enlarged with new wind and percussion instruments. 6. 1. The opera was one of the favorite performances: In Italy, the “bel canto” and the “Verismo” In France, “l´operette” and “l´opéra comique”. In Germany, Wagner created the “Musical drama”, conceived as a total piece of art, including other arts in the performance, like dance, painting, poetry, drama… In Spain, The “Zarzuela”. 2. Small forms (short pieces of music) represented the more intimate and subjective side of the romantic period. The Lied is a song for voice and piano wit poetic texts. The piano, which was just invented, became very soon the favorite instrument. 3.Large instrumental forms like Symphony and Concerto made use of the enlargement of the orchestra. 4.Program music (Música Programática) was music for orchestra, but based on a description of a storyline (The description of a tale, story, a landscape, a picture…)  Symphonic Poem :(Poema sinfónico) - A Symphonic Poem is a composition for Orchestra only (no voices) - In only one movement - It follows an extramusical idea; it tells a story or a tale, or describes a landscape, or a picture. - Examples: El Moldava (the river) By Smetana El aprendiz de Brujo (Mickey Mouse) By Paul Dukas Nationalisms appeared during the second half of XIX century in order to reinforce the romantic sentiment of individuality. Russia, Scandinavian countries, Hungary, Spain,etc… introduced their own Musical Folklore as a symbol of identity. Folklore; (En castellano folclore ó folklore). It is the traditional music of the people in a country or region. Folk music, type of traditional and generally rural music that originally was passed down through families and other small social groups. Typically, folk music, like folk literature, lives in oral tradition; it is learned through hearing rather than reading.In Spain we have a very rich folklore Examples: la jota, las sevillanas, el flamenco, el pasodoble, el chotis.... COMPOSERS MASTER PIECES STYLE COUNTRY SYMPHONIES Nº 5 BEETHOVEN AND 9 ROMANTICISIM GERMANY CHOPIN POLONAISE ROMANTICISM POLAND SCHUBERT SERENADE ROMANTICISM AUSTRIA LISZT NOCTURNE ROMANTICISM HUNGARY THE RIDE OF WAGNER THE ROMANTICISM GERMANY VALKYRIES TCHAIKOVSKY SWAN LAKE ROMANTICISM RUSSIA E. GRIEG PEER GYNT NATIONALISM NORWAY M. FALLA EL AMOR BRUJO NATIONALISM SPAIN SIBELIUS FINLAND NATIONALISM FINLAND  THE CONDUCTOR: THE “BOSS” OF THE ORCHESTRA The orchestra become bigger and bigger with new percussion an wind instruments that had just improve their mechanisms. As a result, such amount of people playing together needed more than ever a leader: The CONDUCTOR. THE CONDUCTOR LEADS THE ORCHESTRA. HE OR SHE MAKES SEVERAL DECISIONS: 1. THE TEMPO: The speed of the beat. 2. THE ENTRANCES OF THE INSTRUMENTS at different points of the score. 3. The general CHARACTER of the piece. (Expression of feelings like sadness, happiness) 4. DYNAMICS (matices). Play piano, mezzo forte, forte, etc… BALLET A Ballet consists of the choreography and music for a ballet production. They are danced by trained ballet dancers. Traditional classical ballets are usually performed with classical music accompaniment and use elaborate costumes. Examples: Swan Lake, Cinderella, Romeo and Juliet, Don Quixote,The Nutcracker Tchaikovsky was one of the most famous music composers MUSICAL FORMS CHART FOR THE LISTENINGS Instrumentation Musical FORM Musical examples INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC Orchestra + soloist instrument CONCERTO FOR Concert for piano and SOLOIST Orchestra Orchestra ( no soloist) SYMPHONY Symphony 9th (Beethoven) Orchestra ( no soloist ) + it tells you a SYMPHONIC POEM 1.- Aprendiz de Brujo (by STORY or describes a LANDSCAPE Paul Dukas) (Mickey Mouse) 2.- The Moldau (by Smetana) ( the river) Orchestra + dancers on a stage of a BALLET Swan Lake (Lago de los theatre Cisnes) by Tchaikovsky 1 or 2 instruments SONATA or a free 1.- MoonLight sonata structured composition (Beethoven) like NOCTURNE 2.- Nocturne (Chopin) 3.- Fur Elise (Beethoven) VOCAL AND INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC Piano + voice LIED (song in German) Orchestra + soloists singers/actors + OPERA 1.- The Magic flute choir + stage of a theatre + a story (Mozart) 2.- Ride of Valkyries (Wagner)