Patient Safety and Disaster Mitigation PDF

Patient safety the absence of preventable harm to a patient and reduction of risk of unnecessary harm associated with health care to an acceptable minimum.  a framework of organized activities that creates cultures, processes, procedures, behaviors, technologies and environments in health care...

Patient safety the absence of preventable harm to a patient and reduction of risk of unnecessary harm associated with health care to an acceptable minimum.  a framework of organized activities that creates cultures, processes, procedures, behaviors, technologies and environments in health care that consistently and sustainably lower risks, reduce the occurrence of avoidable harm, make error less likely and reduce impact of harm when it does occur. Patient safety practices  Practices that reduce the risk of adverse events related to exposure to medical care across a range of diagnoses or conditions.  This definition is concrete but quite incomplete, because so many practices have not been well studied with respect to their effectiveness in preventing harm. ❑ Harm the impact and severity of a process of care failure: Temporary or permanent impairment of physical or psychological body functions or structure.  The definition of error chain clearly indicates the role of leadership and communication in the series of events that leads to patient harm. Definition of disaster:  A serious disruption in the functioning of the community or a society causing widespread material, economic, social or environmental losses which exceed the ability of the affected society to cope using its own resources.  disaster is a natural or human-caused event which causes intensive negative impacts on people, goods, services and/or the environment, exceeding the affected community’s capability to respond”.  Disaster is a sudden, unplanned event that makes it difficult, or impossible for a facility to carry out essential activities. During a disaster, the needed resources are greater than those available. DISASTER’ alphabetically: D Destructions. I Incidents. S Sufferings. A Administrative, Financial Failures. S Sentiments. T Tragedies. E Eruption of Communicable diseases. R Research program and its implementation. 1 M7med Yousry Hazard Is something that may cause harm or injury.  Workplace hazards include, working at heights, slippery floors, and electric energy, and excessive noise, toxic or flammable substances. Risk Means the likelihood that a hazard will cause a specific harm or injury to persons or damage to property.  Is defined as the combination of the probability of occurrence of harm and the severity of that harm. The difference between a 'hazard' and a 'risk '  A hazard: means a situation or thing that has the potential to harm a person. Hazards in work may include: noisy machinery, a moving forklift, chemicals, electricity, working at heights, a repetitive job at your workplace or stress, etc.  A risk: is the chance, high or low, that any hazards will actually cause somebody harm or the possibility that harm (death, injury or illness) might occur when exposed to a hazard in your workplace. Definition of mitigation  Mitigation includes any activities that actually eliminate or reduce the probability of occurrence of a disaster (for example, arms buildup to deter enemy attack or legislation that takes the unstable double bottom tanker off the highways).  It includes long-term activities designed to reduce the effects of unavoidable disaster (for example, land-use management, establishing comprehensive emergency management programs, or legislating building safety codes. Mitigation is the reduction of something harmful or the reduction of its harmful effects. It may refer to measures taken to reduce the harmful effects of hazards that remain in potential. Mitigation refers to activities that are designed to reduce or eliminate risks to persons or property, or lessen the actual or potential effects or consequences of an incident. Different between prevention and mitigation:  Prevention decreases the likelihood that an emergency will occur.  Mitigation actions are steps that eliminate or reduce the loss of life or property damage for events that cannot be prevented. 2 M7med Yousry Present and clarify  Mitigation and Prevention are used as synonyms.  Some prefer to drop the term Mitigation and use only Prevention.  The term Mitigation can be comprised in the term Prevention.  Mitigation means to reduce the severity of the human and material damage caused by the disaster. Prevention is to ensure that human action or natural phenomena do not result in disaster or emergency. Primary prevention is to reduce -avert- avoid the risk of the event occurring, by getting rid of the hazard or vulnerability, e.g. to avoid overcrowding, deforestation and to provide services.  Healthier people in a healthy environment will be less vulnerable to most hazards. E.g., immunizing people against smallpox made them less vulnerable to the virus, and slowly eradicated the disease. Secondary prevention means to recognize promptly the event and to reduce its effects, e.g., by staying alert to possible displacements of population; by being ready to provide immunization, food, clean water, sanitation and health care to refugees.  Healthier people in a healthy environment will also be more capable to overcome the emergency. Types of Mitigation: Primary Mitigation: reducing the PRESENCE of the Hazard. reducing Vulnerability Secondary Mitigation: Reducing the EFFECTS of the Hazard (Preparedness). Components of mitigation: 1. Structural Mitigation is the physical changes or act of protection from disasters or hazards. 2. Non-structural mitigation in emergency management involves what people can do on a personal level that is not structurally or physically evident as a protective defense such as a surge wall or a storm shelter. Types of Mitigation Techniques: 1. Prevention Government, administrative, or regulatory actions that influence the way land and buildings are developed to reduce hazard losses. 2. Property Protection Modification of buildings or structures to protect them from a hazard or removal of structures from a hazard area. 3. Public Education and Awareness Actions to inform citizens and elected officials about hazards and ways to mitigate them. 3 M7med Yousry 4. Natural Resource Protection Actions that minimize hazard loss and preserve or restore the functions of natural systems. 5. Emergency Services Actions that protect people and property during and immediately after a hazard event. 6. Structural Projects Actions that involve the construction of structures to reduce the impact of a hazard. Mitigation Strategies: 1. Plans. 2. Programs. 3. Codes, Regulations, & Procedures. 1. Plans: The process of developing options and actions to enhance opportunities and reduce threats to project objectives. Risk mitigation implementation is the process of executing risk mitigation actions. 2. Programs: Set of instructions &tasks that directs the performance. 3. Codes, Regulations, & Procedures: The code is very important in emergency situations to prevent panic in public places (hospitals, schools, institutions, shopping centers) when an emergency occurs, while retaining your ability to call the appropriate people to deal with the event. Regulations are rules made by a government or other authority in order to control the way something is done or the way people behave. Also, Regulation is the controlling of an activity or process, usually by means of rules. Procedures to be followed for the ways of working that need policies to be implemented. They record who does what, when and how in order to maintain health, safety and well-being at all times. Fire & Smoke The presence of smoke or fire is a CODE RED. If you discover a CODE RED you should: Remain calm. Dial the hospital emergency number and state: there is a CODE RED - The exact location - Your name & title In the event of a fire in a hospital you are to follow R.A.C.E FIRE SAFETY FOUR essential steps to take if you discover a fire: RACE R/Rescue/anyone in immediate danger of the fire. A/Alarm / Activate the nearest fire alarm and call your fire response telephone number. C/Contain the fire by closing all doors in the fire area. E/ Extinguish small fires. If the fire cannot be extinguished, leave the area and close the door. 4 M7med Yousry You should know: Locations of nearest fire extinguishers and alarm pull boxes The fire location - room number and building All fire exits in your work area.  Medical Emergency.  Code Yellow: a case of an external disaster (meaning a disaster outside the hospital that leads to a large number of patients coming to the emergency department) such as a property collapse, security chaos, natural disasters such as floods and earthquakes.  Disappearance of a child / Suspected kidnapping of a child  Hazardous chemical spill.  Presence of violence (threat with a weapon, detention of, a worker, threat of explosives)  Things are back to normal again. Procedures: MS, Hoda is a charge nurse in international hospital. She always practices mitigation procedures in the beginning of the shift. What do you think about these procedures? Answer: Distribution code blue team. Distribution roles in case of fire. Classify patients according to their cases &ambulatory ability  Red patient: bed ridden & ventilated patients.  Blue patient: patients who can transfer on wheel chair.  Green patient: who can move with or without assistant either cans or physical human support. Emergency nursing is a specialty within the field of professional nursing focusing on the care of patients who require prompt medical attention to avoid long-term disability or death. In addition to addressing "true emergencies," emergency nurses increasingly care for people who are unwilling or unable to get primary medical care elsewhere and come to emergency departments for help. Triage is the process of prioritizing which patients are to be treated first and is the cornerstone of good disaster management in terms of judicious use of resources. 5 M7med Yousry