5-Biocultural-Evoluion.pptx

Human Biocultural Human Biocultural  Hominids “Manlike Primates” The development of the different species of primates which were able to evolve in 40 million years ago. There have been various relics of hominids which could be described as manlike primates. They are Ramapithe...

Human Biocultural Human Biocultural  Hominids “Manlike Primates” The development of the different species of primates which were able to evolve in 40 million years ago. There have been various relics of hominids which could be described as manlike primates. They are Ramapithecus, Lucy and Homo Habilis c The apelike men who first to used stone tools as weapons and protection of their enemies. They are recognized as the first true human. Lived about 2.4 to 1.4 million years ago.  It was believed to be the first man like creature that lived about 500,000 years ago in Asia, Africa and Europe.  could walk straight with almost the same brain with modern man.  made refined stone stools Homo Erectus for hunting and weapons “The Upright Man” for protection of the enemies. MAJOR DISCOVERED FOSSILS Pithecanthropus Erectus “Java Man” –Discovered by Eugene Dubois at Trinil, Java, Indonesia in 1891. Sinanthropus Pekinensis “Peking Man” –Discovered Homo Erectus at Choukoutien village, “The Upright Man” Beijing, China in 1929.  It was believed that this was the direct descendant of modern man who lived about 250,000 years ago.  They had similar Homo Sapiens physical “The Thinking Man” descriptions with modern man.  They originated as the primitive men whose activities were largely dependent on hunting, fishing and agriculture. Homo Sapiens  They buried their “The Thinking Man” dead, used had tools and had  Homo Sapiens subspecies:  Neanderthal Man –Discovered in Neanderthal valley near Dusseldorf, Germany in 1856 who lived in cave and dependent in hunting and fishing.  Cro-Magnon Man – Discovered by a French archaeologist Louis Lartet in the Cro Magnon Cave in Southern France. It was believed to live in Europe, Asia and Africa. As a prehistoric man, they were the first to Let’s have a Recap Complete the chart of the 4 biological development of man  “The Thinking Man” “Manlike Primates” “Handy Man” “The Upright Man”  first to used stone tools had similar physical descriptions with modern man refined stone stools for hunting described as manlike primates  Java Man Lucy Neanderthal Man Peking Man Australopithecus Cro- Magnon Man Ramapithecus Four Biological Capacity of Human to Develop Culture 1. Our Thinking capacity  The primary biological component of humans that allowed for culture is the developed brain. It has the necessary parts for facilitating pertinent skills such as speaking, touching, feeling, seeing, and smelling. Compared with other primates, humans have a larger brain, weighing 1.4 kg. Due to the size of brain and the complexity of its parts, humans were able to create survival skills that helped them adapt to their environment and outlive  2. Our gripping capacity  The hand of human has digits (fingers) that are straights, as compared with the curved ones of the other primates. Notice that the thumb of the human is proportionately longer Figure shows the than those of other Hands of selected primates primates. These characteristics of the TWO TYPES OF GRIP a. Power grip enabled humans to wrap the thumb and fingers on an object; it became the cornerstone of our capacity to hold tool firmly for hunting and other activities. b. Precision grip enabled humans to hold and pick objects steadily using fingers. This capacity was crucial for 3. Our Speaking Capacity As the brain is the capacity source of humans’ capacity to comprehend sound and provide meaning to it, the vocal tract acts as the mechanism by which sounds are produced and reproduced to transmit ideas and values. 3. Our Speaking Capacity Humans have longer vocal tract compared with chimpanzee. A longer vocal tract means that there is a longer vibration surface, allowing human to produce a wider array of sounds than chimpanzees. The tongue of human is also more flexible than of a chimpanzee, 4. Our walking/standing capacity Primates have two forms of locomotion: bipedalism and quadropedalism. Bipedalism is the capacity to walk and stand on two feet, whereas quadropedalism uses all four limbs. Although apes are semi-bipedal, humans are the only fully bipedal primates. 4. Our walking/standing capacity Being bipedal, humans gained more capacity to move while carrying objects with their free hands. It gave humans more capacity or productivity with their hands like hunting and Processing Questions: *Why is development of human capacity importance to go together with the evolution of man? Cultural and Sociopoliti cal  - Use of simple Paleolithic Period (Old Stone Age) pebble tools. 3 million years to - Learned to live 8,000 B.C. in caves. - Discovered the use of fires.  - Developed small sculptures; Paleolithic Period and monumental (Old Stone Age) painting, incised 3 million years to designs, and 8,000 B.C. reliefs on the wall of caves. - “Food-collecting cultures”  Neolithic Age - Stone tools were (New Stone Age) shaped by polishing or Occurred grinding. sometime about - Settlement in 8,000 BCE permanent villages.  - Dependence on Neolithic Age domesticated plants or (New Stone Age) animals. Occurred - Appearance of such sometime about crafts as pottery and 8,000 BCE weaving.  - “Food-producing cultures”   The used of metal such as bronze, copper, and iron produced a new Age of historical development Metals form cradles civilization 4,000 B.C. – 1,500 of Egypt, Mesopotamia, B.C Persia, including India and China which later on spread throughout Asia.   The civilization which defines to a more developed social, Age of cultural, political and Metals economic system. 4,000 B.C. – 1,500  It had already direct B.C contacts through tribes, kingdoms, empire and later on state which the constant political  more rigid social structure Early characterized by the Civilization presence of city-states system of writing and a and the Rise ceremonial center of the State where public debates and decision were present  However, not all societies during this period could be considered as civilizations as Early not all possessed a political Civilization system that could be equated and the Rise to a state. A state is a political of the State entity that has four requisite elements: territory, sovereignty, people, and government.  It is believed that an Athenian statesman named Cleisthenes, proposed Democratization demokratia as a political of Early ideology that aimed at Civilization dispersing power from the monopoly of the elites to the masses. This allows for the closing of social gaps between diverging social groups. Processing Questions: *After age of metals and early civilization, do you have any suggested sociopolitical development in the near future?  Group Activity! Search for a well-known museum in the Philippines and show some of their displays. Analyze it. What is the role played by museums to the biocultural development of humans? Thank you!