Nucleic Acid & Protein Synthesis PDF
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Sofeek Akhla k
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Summary
This document discusses nucleic acids, including DNA and RNA, and the process of protein synthesis. It defines nucleic acids as large molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. The document outlines the two main classes of nucleic acid: Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and Ribonucleic acid (RNA), comparing their features and structures. It also details the processes of transcription and translation in protein synthesis. Diagrams are included to visualize the molecular structures and the processes described.
Full Transcript
NUCLEIC ACID SOFEE AKHLAK Learning objectives 1. Define nucleic acid 2. State the 2 classes of nucleic acid 3. Compare the features of DNA and RNA 4. Describe protein synthesis Nucleic Acid ✔ Nucleic acids are large molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and p...
NUCLEIC ACID SOFEE AKHLAK Learning objectives 1. Define nucleic acid 2. State the 2 classes of nucleic acid 3. Compare the features of DNA and RNA 4. Describe protein synthesis Nucleic Acid ✔ Nucleic acids are large molecules composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus ✔ The building blocks of nucleic acids are nucleotide ✔ Nucleotide contains 5 carbon sugar (pentose),a nitrogen base, and a phosphate group Nucleic Acid ✔ Nucleotides are joined together by dehydration synthesis into long chain to form nucleic acid Nucleic Acid ❑ 2 classes of nucleic acid: i. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) ii. Ribonucleic acid (RNA) Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) ✔ Genetic material (gene) of cell and is responsible in controlling cell activities ✔ The nucleotide of DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, and the nitrogen bases are: i. Adenine ii. Thymine iii. Cytosine iv. Guanine Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) ✔ There are 2 chains of nucleotide in DNA that are loosely joined together by hydrogen bonds and these 2 chains are twisted into a double helix Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) ✔ RNA is a single chain of nucleotide that contains ribose sugar, and the nitrogen bases are : i. Adenine ii. Uracil iii. Cytosine iv. Guanine ✔ Function – synthesis of protein within the cell Comparison of DNA and RNA FEATURE DNA RNA Sugar Deoxyribose Ribose Bases Adenine Adenine Thymine Uracil Cytosine Cytosine Guanine Guanine Strands 2 in double helix Single Protein Synthesis ✔ DNA molecule contains information that directs the production of proteins within cells ✔ DNA directs the production of proteins in TWO steps: i. Transcription ii. Translation Protein Synthesis ❑ Transcription ✔ DNA double strand separated ✔ Transfer of genetic information from DNA to mRNA (messenger RNA) leaves nucleas ✔ Takes information from DNA to the cytoplasma Ribosome Protein Synthesis ❑ Translation ✔ Synthesis of protein based on information in mRNA occurs at ribosome ✔ tRNA (transfer RNA) carry amino acids to ribosome Protein Synthesis END
