Airway Adjuncts (Airways) PDF

Practical anesthesia equipment technology 2nd lectures 4+5 Ahmed al-baghdady (‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪات ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﮭﻮاء )اﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﺠﻮﯾﺔ‬ Airway adjuncts (Airways) In anesthetized patient without tracheal tube, the upper airway can be obstructed partially or completely due to falling of the tongue back...

Practical anesthesia equipment technology 2nd lectures 4+5 Ahmed al-baghdady (‫ﻣﺴﺎﻋﺪات ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﮭﻮاء )اﻟﺨﻄﻮط اﻟﺠﻮﯾﺔ‬ Airway adjuncts (Airways) In anesthetized patient without tracheal tube, the upper airway can be obstructed partially or completely due to falling of the tongue backwards and covering the epiglottis, there are some instruments used to provide a patent ‫ ﯾﻤﻜﻦ أن ﯾﺘﻢ‬،‫ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ اﻟﻤﺨﺪر ﺑﺪون أﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﻘﺼﺒﺔ اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﯿﺔ‬ airway called “airway adjuncts”. ‫اﻧﺴﺪاد ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﮭﻮاء اﻟﻌﻠﻮي ﺟﺰﺋﯿًﺎ أو ﻛﻠﯿًﺎ ﺑﺴﺒﺐ ﺳﻘﻮط اﻟﻠﺴﺎن‬ ‫ وھﻨﺎك ﺑﻌﺾ اﻷدوات اﻟﻤﺴﺘﺨﺪﻣﺔ‬،‫ﻟﻠﺨﻠﻒ وﺗﻐﻄﯿﺔ ﻟﺴﺎن اﻟﻤﺰﻣﺎر‬."‫ﻟﺘﻮﻓﯿﺮ ﻣﺠﺮى ھﻮاﺋﻲ ﻣﻔﺘﻮح ﺗﺴﻤﻰ "ﻣﻠﺤﻘﺎت ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﮭﻮاء‬ :‫( ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﮭﻮاء اﻟﺒﻠﻌﻮﻣﻲ‬1 1) Oropharyngeal airway: Prevents obstruction caused by tongue or collapse of the pharynx, oropharyngeal airways are designed in different sizes to fit the majority of patients from neonates to adults. ‫ ﺗﻢ‬،‫ﯾﻤﻨﻊ اﻻﻧﺴﺪاد اﻟﻨﺎﺟﻢ ﻋﻦ اﻟﻠﺴﺎن أو اﻧﮭﯿﺎر اﻟﺒﻠﻌﻮم‬ ‫ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻢ اﻟﺸﻌﺐ اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻔﻤﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﺒﻠﻌﻮﻣﯿﺔ ﺑﺄﺣﺠﺎم ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬.‫ﻟﺘﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻏﺎﻟﺒﯿﺔ اﻟﻤﺮﺿﻰ ﻣﻦ ﺣﺪﯾﺜﻲ اﻟﻮﻻدة إﻟﻰ اﻟﺒﺎﻟﻐﯿﻦ‬ Practical anesthesia equipment technology 2nd lectures 4+5 Ahmed al-baghdady The correct size is chosen by measuring from the middle of the person’s ‫ﯾﺘﻢ اﺧﺘﯿﺎر اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﺼﺤﯿﺢ ﻋﻦ طﺮﯾﻖ اﻟﻘﯿﺎس ﻣﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺼﻒ اﻟﺸﺨﺺ‬ mouth to the angle of the jaw..‫اﻟﻔﻢ إﻟﻰ زاوﯾﺔ اﻟﻔﻚ‬ Practical anesthesia equipment technology 2nd lectures 4+5 Ahmed al-baghdady Too large oropharyngeal airway will cause : coughing, gagging, or laryngospasm in a patient who is not deeply :‫ﺳﯿﺆدي ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﮭﻮاء اﻟﻔﻤﻮي اﻟﺒﻠﻌﻮﻣﻲ اﻟﻜﺒﯿﺮ ﺟﺪا إﻟﻰ‬ anesthetized. ‫اﻟﺴﻌﺎل أو اﻹﺳﻜﺎت أو ﺗﺸﻨﺞ اﻟﺤﻨﺠﺮة ﻓﻲ اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ اﻟﺬي ﻻ‬.‫ﯾﺨﻀﻊ ﻟﻠﺘﺨﺪﯾﺮ ﺑﻌﻤﻖ‬ Too small oropharyngeal airway will cause : Trauma to the different oral tissues, and trauma to the teeth if the patient bites on it. so, suitable size, gentile insertion and monitoring are essential. :‫ﺳﯿﺴﺒﺐ ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﮭﻮاء اﻟﺒﻠﻌﻮﻣﻲ اﻟﺼﻐﯿﺮ ﺟﺪا‬ ‫ وﺻﺪﻣﺔ اﻷﺳﻨﺎن إذا ﻋﺾ‬،‫ﺻﺪﻣﺔ ﻓﻲ أﻧﺴﺠﺔ اﻟﻔﻢ اﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ‬ ‫ ﻓﺈن اﻟﺤﺠﻢ اﻟﻤﻨﺎﺳﺐ واﻹدﺧﺎل اﻟﻮﻏﯿﻨﻲ‬،‫ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ‬.‫اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ ﻋﻠﯿﮭﺎ‬.‫واﻟﻤﺮاﻗﺒﺔ ﺿﺮورﯾﺔ‬ Practical anesthesia equipment technology 2nd lectures 4+5 Ahmed al-baghdady :‫ ﻏﯿﺪل وﺑﯿﺮﻣﺎن‬،‫ھﻨﺎك ﺗﺼﻤﯿﻤﺎن ﻟﻠﻤﻤﺮات اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﯿﺔ اﻟﻔﻤﻮﯾﺔ اﻟﺒﻠﻌﻮﻣﯿﺔ‬ There are two designs of oropharyngeal airways, Guedel and Berman: Guedel Berman (dual-channel) (‫ﺑﯿﺮﻣﺎن )ﺛﻨﺎﺋﻲ اﻟﻘﻨﺎة‬ ‫ﻏﻮﯾﺪل‬ :‫( ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﮭﻮاء اﻟﺒﻠﻌﻮﻣﻲ اﻷﻧﻔﻲ‬2 2) Nasopharyngeal airway: Practical anesthesia equipment technology 2nd lectures 4+5 Ahmed al-baghdady Practical anesthesia equipment technology 2nd lectures 4+5 Ahmed al-baghdady Nasopharyngeal airway is not recommended when the patient has is on anticoagulants or when he/she has bleeding disorder, nasal deformity or sepsis. ‫ﻻ ﯾﻨﺼﺢ ﺑﺎﻟﻤﺠﺮى اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﻲ اﻟﺒﻠﻌﻮﻣﻲ اﻷﻧﻔﻲ ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ‬ ‫ﯾﻌﺎﻧﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻀﺎدات اﻟﺘﺨﺜﺮ أو ﻋﻨﺪﻣﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن ﻟﺪﯾﮫ اﺿﻄﺮاب اﻟﻨﺰﯾﻒ أو‬.‫ﺗﺸﻮه اﻷﻧﻒ أو اﻹﻧﺘﺎن‬ 3) Laryngeal mask airway (LMA): ‫( ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﮭﻮاء ﻟﻘﻨﺎع اﻟﺤﻨﺠﺮة‬3 Practical anesthesia equipment technology 2nd lectures 4+5 Ahmed al-baghdady It is a very useful device used frequently as to either the facemask or tracheal ‫إﻧﮫ ﺟﮭﺎز ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﺟﺪا ﯾﺴﺘﺨﺪم ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﻜﺮر إﻣﺎ ﻟﻘﻨﺎع اﻟﻮﺟﮫ أو أﻧﺒﻮب اﻟﻘﺼﺒﺔ‬ tube during anesthesia..‫اﻟﮭﻮاﺋﯿﺔ أﺛﻨﺎء اﻟﺘﺨﺪﯾﺮ‬ The cuff lies over the larynx, once the cuff in position, it is inflated. ،‫ ﺑﻤﺠﺮد أن ﺗﻜﻮن اﻟﻜﻔﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻣﻮﺿﻌﮭﺎ‬،‫ﺗﻘﻊ اﻟﻜﻔﺔ ﻓﻮق اﻟﺤﻨﺠﺮة‬.‫ﯾﺘﻢ ﻧﻔﺨﮭﺎ‬ Practical anesthesia equipment technology 2nd lectures 4+5 Ahmed al-baghdady 4) i - ‫ﻣﺠﺮى اﻟﮭﻮاء اﻟﮭﻼﻣﻲ‬: 4) i – gel airway: ‫ﯾﺤﺘﻮي ﻋﻠﻰ ﺻﻔﻌﺔ ﻧﺎﻋﻤﺔ ﺗﺸﺒﮫ اﻟﮭﻼم وﻏﯿﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻠﺔ ﻟﻠﻨﻔﺦ‬ ‫ ﻟﺘﻮﻓﯿﺮ اﻧﻄﺒﺎع ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺤﻲ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﻋﻠﻰ‬L.M.A ‫ﻣﺼﻤﻤﺔ‬.‫ إﻧﮫ ﯾﻌﻤﻞ ﻓﻲ وﺋﺎم ﻣﻊ ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ اﻟﻤﺮﯾﺾ‬.‫ﻣﺪﺧﻞ اﻟﺤﻨﺠﺮة‬ It has a soft gel-like and non-inflatable cuff designed L.M.A to provide an anatomical impression fit over the laryngeal inlet. It is working in harmony with the patient's anatomy. Practical anesthesia equipment technology 2nd lectures 4+5 Ahmed al-baghdady