4.2.2-Cell-parts-short-cut.pptx

STEM Strand General HAZEL R. BALAN Biology GCCNHS- SHS Master 1 Teacher II Biology/Research Teacher  CELL PARTS & FUNCTIONS copyright cmassengale 2 3 4 1.What cell parts are common to all cells? 2. What part/s is/are only found...

STEM Strand General HAZEL R. BALAN Biology GCCNHS- SHS Master 1 Teacher II Biology/Research Teacher  CELL PARTS & FUNCTIONS copyright cmassengale 2 3 4 1.What cell parts are common to all cells? 2. What part/s is/are only found in plant cell? 3.What part/s is/are only dominantly present in animal cell? 4.Which part of the cell; a.directs and controls the activities of the cell. b.where cellular respiration occurs and most ATP is generated. c. responsible for protein synthesis. d. regulates the transport of materials entering and exiting the cell. e. helps process and package proteins and lipid molecules, especially proteins destined to be exported from the cell. f. an organelle within the cells of plants that is the site of photosynthesis. g. the fluid part of the cell where most of the chemical All cells share four common components: 1. Plasma membrane 2. Cytoplasm 3. DNA 4. Ribosome  Cell parts/Structures Animal Plant Centrosome / Lysosome / x Cell wall, chloroplast, x / large central vacuole 5.How would you describe the different organelles of the cell? 6.What generalizations can be made from the activity Organelles copyright cmassengale 9  Organelles Very small (Microscopic) Perform various functions for a cell Found in the cytoplasm May or may not be membrane-bound copyright cmassengale 10  Cell Wall Cell wall Nonliving layer Found in plants, fungi, & bacteria Made of cellulose in plants Made of peptidoglycan in bacteria Made of chitin in Fungi copyright cmassengale 11  Cytoplasm of a Cell cytoplasm Jelly-like substance enclosed by cell membrane Provides a medium for chemical reactions to take place copyright cmassengale 12  Cell or Plasma Membrane Composed of double layer of phospholipids and proteins Surrounds outside of ALL cells Controls what enters or leaves the cell Living layer Outside of cell Carbohydrate chains Proteins Cell membrane Inside of cell Protein (cytoplasm) channel copyright cmassengale Lipid bilayer 13  Cell Membrane in Plants Cell membrane Lies immediately against the cell wall in plant cells Pushes out against the cell wall to maintain cell shape copyright cmassengale 14  More on Cytoplasm cytoplasm Contains organelles to carry out specific jobs Found in ALL cells copyright cmassengale 15  The Control Organelle - Nucleus Controls the normal activities of the cell Contains the DNA in chromosomes Bounded by a nuclear envelope (membrane) with pores Usually the largest organelle copyright cmassengale 16  More on the Nucleus Nucleus Each cell has fixed number of chromosomes that carry genes Genes control cell characteristics copyright cmassengale 17  Nuclear Envelope Double membrane surrounding nucleus Also called nuclear membrane Contains nuclear pores for materials to enter & leave nucleus Connected to the rough ER Nuclear pores copyright cmassengale 18  Inside the Nucleus - The genetic material (DNA) is found DNA is spread out DNA is condensed & wrapped And appears as CHROMATIN around proteins forming in non-dividing cells as CHROMOSOMES in dividing cells copyright cmassengale 19  What Does DNA do? DNA is the hereditary material of the cell Genes that make up the DNA molecule code for different proteins copyright cmassengale 20  Nucleolus Inside nucleus Cell may have 1 to 3 nucleoli Disappears when cell divides Makes ribosomes that make proteins copyright cmassengale 21  Cytoskeleton Helps cell maintain cell shape Also help move organelles around Made of proteins Microfilaments are threadlike & made of ACTIN Microtubules are tubelike & made of TUBULIN copyright cmassengale 22  Centrioles Found only in animal cells Paired structures near nucleus Made of bundle of microtubules Appear during cell division forming mitotic spindle Help to pull chromosome pairs apart to opposite ends of the cell copyright cmassengale 23  Mitochondrion (plural = mitochondria) “Powerhouse” of the cell Generate cellular energy (ATP) More active cells like muscle cells have MORE mitochondria Both plants & animal cells have mitochondria Site of CELLULAR RESPIRATION (burning glucose) copyright cmassengale 24 MITOCHONDRIA Surrounded by a DOUBLE membrane Has its own DNA Folded inner membrane called CRISTAE (increases surface area for more chemical Reactions) Interior called MATRIX copyright cmassengale 25 Interesting Fact --- Mitochondria Come from cytoplasm in the EGG cell during fertilization Therefore … You inherit your mitochondria from your mother! copyright cmassengale 26  Cell Powerhouse Mitochondrion ( mitochondria ) Rod shape copyright cmassengale 27 What do mitochondria do? “Power plant” of the cell Burns glucose to release energy (ATP) Stores energy as ATP copyright cmassengale 28  Endoplasmic Reticulum - ER Network of hollow membrane tubules Connects to nuclear envelope & cell membrane Functions in Synthesis of cell products & Transport Two kinds of ER ---ROUGH & SMOOTH copyright cmassengale 29 Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER ) Has ribosomes on its surface Makes membrane proteins and proteins for EXPORT out of cell copyright cmassengale 30 Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough ER ) Proteins are made by ribosomes on ER surface They are then threaded into the interior of the Rough ER to be modified and transported copyright cmassengale 31  Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Smooth ER lacks ribosomes on its surface Is attached to the ends of rough ER Makes cell products that are USED INSIDE the cell copyright cmassengale 32 Functions of the Smooth ER Makes membrane lipids (steroids) Regulates calcium (muscle cells) Destroys toxic substances (Liver) copyright cmassengale 33  Ribosomes Made of PROTEINS and rRNA “Protein factories” for cell Join amino acids to make proteins Process called protein synthesis  copyright cmassengale 34 Ribosomes Can be attached to Rough ER OR Be free (unattached) in the cytoplasm copyright cmassengale 35  Golgi Bodies Stacks of flattened sacs Have a shipping side (trans face) and receiving side (cis face) CIS Receive proteins made by ER Transport vesicles with modified proteins pinch off the ends TRANS Transport vesicle copyright cmassengale 36  Golgi Bodies Look like a stack of pancakes Modify, sort, & package molecules from ER for storage OR transport out of cell copyright cmassengale 37  Golgi Animation Materials are transported from Rough ER to Golgi to the cell membrane by VESICLES copyright cmassengale 38  Lysosomes Contain digestive enzymes Break down food, bacteria, and worn out cell parts for cells Programmed for cell death (AUTOLYSIS) Lyse (break open) & release enzymes to break down & recycle cell parts) copyright cmassengale 39  Lysosome Digestion Cells take in food by phagocytosis Lysosomes digest the food & get rid of wastes copyright cmassengale 40  Cilia & Flagella Made of protein tubes called microtubules Microtubules arranged (9 + 2 arrangement) Function in moving cells, in moving fluids, or in small particles across the cell surface copyright cmassengale 41  Cilia & Flagella Cilia are shorter and more numerous on cells Flagella are longer and fewer (usually 1-3) on cells copyright cmassengale 42 Cell Movement with Cilia & Flagella copyright cmassengale 43  Vacuoles Fluid filled sacks for storage Small or absent in animal cells Plant cells have a large Central Vacuole No vacuoles in bacterial cells copyright cmassengale 44  Chloroplasts Found only in producers (organisms containing chlorophyll) Use energy from sunlight to make own food (glucose) Energy from sun stored in the Chemical Bonds of Sugars copyright cmassengale 45  Chloroplasts Surrounded by DOUBLE membrane Outer membrane smooth Inner membrane modified into sacs called Thylakoids Thylakoids in stacks called Grana & interconnected Stroma – gel like material surrounding thylakoids copyright cmassengale 46