Cell Biology Overview
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Cell Biology Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which structure is found only in animal cells and aids in cell division?

  • Cytoskeleton
  • Mitochondria
  • Centrioles (correct)
  • Nucleolus

    • What is the primary function of the nucleolus?

  • To store genetic material
  • To maintain cell shape
  • To synthesize ribosomes (correct)
  • To produce ATP for energy

    • What component of the cytoskeleton is made of actin?

  • Centrioles
  • Intermediate filaments
  • Microfilaments (correct)
  • Microtubules

    • What is the role of mitochondria in the cell?

    <p>To generate cellular energy (ATP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of mitochondria increases the surface area for chemical reactions?

    <p>Cristae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many nucleoli may a cell contain?

    <p>1 to 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the genetic material that makes up DNA responsible for?

    <p>Coding for different proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    From whom do individuals inherit their mitochondria?

    <p>Mothers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is present in all cells?

    <p>Ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What organelle is primarily responsible for controlling the activities of the cell?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is found only in plant cells?

    <p>Cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is correctly paired with its function?

    <p>Chloroplast - Photosynthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>Regulation of transport into and out of the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells contain chloroplasts?

    <p>Plant cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a jelly-like substance that serves as a medium for chemical reactions within the cell?

    <p>Cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary composition of the cell wall in plant cells?

    <p>Cellulose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins?

    <p>Ribosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure surrounds the nucleus and regulates material exchange?

    <p>Nuclear envelope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?

    <p>Burn glucose to release energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER)?

    <p>Has ribosomes on its surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of the Golgi bodies in a cell?

    <p>Modify, sort, and package molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>Produces steroid hormones and helps in detoxification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do lysosomes primarily contain?

    <p>Digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural arrangement of microtubules in cilia and flagella?

    <p>9 pairs plus 2 singlets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of organisms contain chloroplasts?

    <p>Producers that contain chlorophyll</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function corresponds to the role of vacuoles in plant cells?

    <p>Storage of nutrients and waste products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do ribosomes contribute to protein synthesis?

    <p>By joining amino acids to form proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to proteins synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>They are sent to the Golgi bodies for modification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure in the cell is primarily involved in regulating calcium levels?

    <p>Smooth endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of cilia in cells?

    <p>Movement of fluids and particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are ribosomes located within a cell?

    <p>Free in the cytoplasm or on the rough ER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Common Cell Parts

    • All cells share four fundamental components: plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes.

    Plant-Specific Organelles

    • Plant cells uniquely contain cell walls, chloroplasts, and large central vacuoles.

    Animal-Specific Organelles

    • Centrosomes and lysosomes are predominantly present in animal cells.

    Key Cell Functions

    • Nucleus: Directs cell activities and houses DNA.
    • Mitochondria: Site of cellular respiration where ATP is generated.
    • Ribosomes: Responsible for protein synthesis.
    • Plasma Membrane: Regulates transport of materials in and out of the cell.
    • Golgi Apparatus: Processes and packages proteins, especially for export.
    • Chloroplasts: Locations for photosynthesis in plant cells.
    • Cytoplasm: Gel-like medium where most chemical reactions occur.

    Organelles Overview

    • Organelles are microscopic structures within cells, varying in function and can be membrane-bound or not.

    Cell Wall

    • A nonliving structure made of cellulose in plants, peptidoglycan in bacteria, and chitin in fungi.

    Cytoplasm

    • Jelly-like substance that fills cells, supporting organelles and chemical reactions.

    Plasma Membrane

    • Composed of a double layer of phospholipids and proteins, controls cell permeability, and is essential for cell structure.

    Nucleus

    • Largest organelle, containing DNA within chromosomes that define cellular characteristics, bounded by a nuclear envelope.

    Chromatin and Chromosomes

    • DNA exists as chromatin in non-dividing cells and condenses into chromosomes during cell division.

    Nucleolus

    • Located inside the nucleus, responsible for creating ribosomes, which are important for protein production.

    Cytoskeleton

    • A protein framework maintaining cell shape and facilitating movement of organelles; consists of microfilaments and microtubules.

    Centrioles

    • Unique to animal cells, assist during cell division by forming the mitotic spindle to separate chromosomes.

    Mitochondria

    • The "powerhouse" of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration. More abundant in metabolically active cells.

    Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

    • A network of membranes involved in synthesizing and transporting cellular products. Two types: rough (with ribosomes) and smooth (without ribosomes, synthesizes lipids and detoxifies).

    Ribosomes

    • Composed of rRNA and proteins; serve as sites for protein synthesis either attached to rough ER or free in the cytoplasm.

    Golgi Bodies

    • A series of flattened sacs that modify, sort, and package proteins received from the ER for transport or storage.

    Lysosomes

    • Contain digestive enzymes for breaking down food, bacteria, and worn-out cells; also involved in autolysis.

    Cilia and Flagella

    • Structures made of microtubules facilitating cell movement; cilia are small and numerous, while flagella are longer and fewer.

    Vacuoles

    • Storage sacs in cells; large central vacuoles in plant cells, while animal cells may have small or absent vacuoles.

    Chloroplasts

    • Found in producers, equipped with chlorophyll to convert sunlight into chemical energy (glucose) during photosynthesis.

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    4.2.2-Cell-parts-short-cut.pptx

    Description

    Explore the basic components and functions of cells in this quiz. Learn about common organelles found in both plant and animal cells, as well as the unique structures that define each type. Test your knowledge on their roles and characteristics.

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