Questions and Answers
Which structure is found only in animal cells and aids in cell division?
What is the primary function of the nucleolus?
What component of the cytoskeleton is made of actin?
What is the role of mitochondria in the cell?
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Which component of mitochondria increases the surface area for chemical reactions?
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How many nucleoli may a cell contain?
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What is the genetic material that makes up DNA responsible for?
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From whom do individuals inherit their mitochondria?
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Which of the following structures is present in all cells?
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What organelle is primarily responsible for controlling the activities of the cell?
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Which structure is found only in plant cells?
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Which organelle is correctly paired with its function?
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What is the function of the plasma membrane?
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What type of cells contain chloroplasts?
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Which of the following is a jelly-like substance that serves as a medium for chemical reactions within the cell?
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What is the primary composition of the cell wall in plant cells?
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Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of proteins?
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What structure surrounds the nucleus and regulates material exchange?
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What is the primary function of mitochondria in a cell?
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What characterizes rough endoplasmic reticulum (Rough ER)?
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What is the main role of the Golgi bodies in a cell?
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Which of the following best describes the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
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What do lysosomes primarily contain?
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What is the structural arrangement of microtubules in cilia and flagella?
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What type of organisms contain chloroplasts?
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Which function corresponds to the role of vacuoles in plant cells?
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How do ribosomes contribute to protein synthesis?
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What happens to proteins synthesized on the rough endoplasmic reticulum?
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Which structure in the cell is primarily involved in regulating calcium levels?
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What is the role of cilia in cells?
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Where are ribosomes located within a cell?
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Study Notes
Common Cell Parts
- All cells share four fundamental components: plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, and ribosomes.
Plant-Specific Organelles
- Plant cells uniquely contain cell walls, chloroplasts, and large central vacuoles.
Animal-Specific Organelles
- Centrosomes and lysosomes are predominantly present in animal cells.
Key Cell Functions
- Nucleus: Directs cell activities and houses DNA.
- Mitochondria: Site of cellular respiration where ATP is generated.
- Ribosomes: Responsible for protein synthesis.
- Plasma Membrane: Regulates transport of materials in and out of the cell.
- Golgi Apparatus: Processes and packages proteins, especially for export.
- Chloroplasts: Locations for photosynthesis in plant cells.
- Cytoplasm: Gel-like medium where most chemical reactions occur.
Organelles Overview
- Organelles are microscopic structures within cells, varying in function and can be membrane-bound or not.
Cell Wall
- A nonliving structure made of cellulose in plants, peptidoglycan in bacteria, and chitin in fungi.
Cytoplasm
- Jelly-like substance that fills cells, supporting organelles and chemical reactions.
Plasma Membrane
- Composed of a double layer of phospholipids and proteins, controls cell permeability, and is essential for cell structure.
Nucleus
- Largest organelle, containing DNA within chromosomes that define cellular characteristics, bounded by a nuclear envelope.
Chromatin and Chromosomes
- DNA exists as chromatin in non-dividing cells and condenses into chromosomes during cell division.
Nucleolus
- Located inside the nucleus, responsible for creating ribosomes, which are important for protein production.
Cytoskeleton
- A protein framework maintaining cell shape and facilitating movement of organelles; consists of microfilaments and microtubules.
Centrioles
- Unique to animal cells, assist during cell division by forming the mitotic spindle to separate chromosomes.
Mitochondria
- The "powerhouse" of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration. More abundant in metabolically active cells.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- A network of membranes involved in synthesizing and transporting cellular products. Two types: rough (with ribosomes) and smooth (without ribosomes, synthesizes lipids and detoxifies).
Ribosomes
- Composed of rRNA and proteins; serve as sites for protein synthesis either attached to rough ER or free in the cytoplasm.
Golgi Bodies
- A series of flattened sacs that modify, sort, and package proteins received from the ER for transport or storage.
Lysosomes
- Contain digestive enzymes for breaking down food, bacteria, and worn-out cells; also involved in autolysis.
Cilia and Flagella
- Structures made of microtubules facilitating cell movement; cilia are small and numerous, while flagella are longer and fewer.
Vacuoles
- Storage sacs in cells; large central vacuoles in plant cells, while animal cells may have small or absent vacuoles.
Chloroplasts
- Found in producers, equipped with chlorophyll to convert sunlight into chemical energy (glucose) during photosynthesis.
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Description
Explore the basic components and functions of cells in this quiz. Learn about common organelles found in both plant and animal cells, as well as the unique structures that define each type. Test your knowledge on their roles and characteristics.
