Neuroanatomy 2024 PDF

OLS OMEr's LECTURES SERIES Clinical and applied anatomy neuroscience TOPOGHRAPHY, CORTEX AND CORTICAL AREAS By Dr. omer abdelsalam mohammed musa 2024 DR.OMEr's PPT Objectives: - To describe internal main features (topog...

OLS OMEr's LECTURES SERIES Clinical and applied anatomy neuroscience TOPOGHRAPHY, CORTEX AND CORTICAL AREAS By Dr. omer abdelsalam mohammed musa 2024 DR.OMEr's PPT Objectives: - To describe internal main features (topography) and organization of the Nervous System… - describe and discuss the main cortical areas 2 DR.OMEr's PPT  Comparative Anatomy human cat rat Human cortical expansion not strictly due to enlarged motor or primary sensory areas 3 DR.OMEr's PPT  Internal features Lateral ventricle (grey and white matters) anterior Claustrum Transverse Section Lentiform Nucleus Insula Internal and External Caudate Nucleus Capsules Head and Tail Thalamus 4 posterior DR.OMEr's PPT  Coronal Section superior inferior Central White Matter Contains three major groups of axons: 5 Association tracts, Commissural tracts, and Projection tracts. DR.OMEr's PPT  White Matter intracortical intercortical projection fibers 6 DR.OMEr's PPT  Spinal cord 7 DR.OMEr's PPT  Cortex and Cortical Areas Neocortex – 6 cellular layers I. Molecular layer – mostly neuropil II. External granular layer – stellate cells III. External pyramidal layer – small pyramidal cells IV. Internal granular layer – stellate cells V. Internal pyramidal layer – large pyramidal cells VI. Multiform layer – multiple cell types 8 DR.OMEr's PPT 9 DR.OMEr's PPT 10 DR.OMEr's PPT  Localization of function in the CORTEX Broadmann (1909) Paul Broca (1861) Carl Wernicke 11 (1871) DR.OMEr's PPT  Brodmann’s Areas 12 DR.OMEr's PPT Famous Brodmann’s Areas Area 4 = primary motor cortex Areas 3, 1,2 = primary somatosensory cortex Area 17 = primary visual cortex Areas 41, 42 = primary auditory cortex Areas 45, 44 =Broca’s Areas 22 = Wernicke's 13 DIFFERENCES between Motor aphasia and Sensory aphasia????? DR.OMEr's PPT  Normal Aging Brain * Brain weight and volume decrease * Grooves widen * Surface smoothes 14 DR.OMEr's PPT  Diagnostic procedures Diagnostic procedures used to assess neurological condition and function range from routine reflex testing to sophisticated techniques such as cerebral angiography, CT scans, MRI scans, and PET scans. 15 DR.OMEr's PPT DR.OMEr's PPT