History of Manila PDF

Readings in the Philippine History Clinical Evaluation and Promotion of Local & Oral History MR. RELAN JAMES ROSALDO  Let’s Play a Game! Guess the Capital  o What comes to your mind when you think of Manila? o What are the characteristics of Manila...

Readings in the Philippine History Clinical Evaluation and Promotion of Local & Oral History MR. RELAN JAMES ROSALDO  Let’s Play a Game! Guess the Capital  o What comes to your mind when you think of Manila? o What are the characteristics of Manila? READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY  History of Manila READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY  Objectives: a. determine the factors that contributed to Manila becoming the capital of the Philippines; b. explain why preserving Manila’s history is important to Filipino culture; and c. create a historical timeline of key events in Manila’s history. READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY  Manila’s history begins around 65, 000 BC History of the time the Callao Man first settled in the Philippines, predating the arrival of Manila Negritos and the Malayo-Polynesians. Angono petroglyphs, are then dated to be around 3, 000 BC and the earliest recorded history of the Philippines. By the 13th century, the city was consisted of a fortified settlement and trading quarter near the mouth of Pasig River, the READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY river that bisects the city into north and  Angono Petroglyphs READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY  The official name of the city under its History of Malay Seludong/Selurung. aristocracy was Manila Manila became the seat of the colonial government of Spain when it gained sovereignty over the Philippine Islands in 1565. The seat was situated around the fortified walls of Old Manila, now referred to as Intramuros - within the walls. READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY The city became the center of trade  INTRAMUROS READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY Etymology of Manila A Brief Discussion The city became known by the name given by its Tagalog inhabitants, as Maynila, first recorded as Maynilad or “Manila”. The name is based on the nila, a flowering mangrove plant. It is either from the phrase may nila, Tagalog for “there is nila”. Nila itself is probably from Sanskrit nila meaning “indigo tree”. READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY  SPANISH PERIOD Spanish Rule 1571-1762 READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY  RULERS OF MANILA Rajah Matanda of Sapa Lakan Dula of Tondo Rajah Sulayman READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY  SPANISH PERIOD Spanish Rule 1571-1762 Governor-General Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, searching for a place to establish his capital, sent an expedition under Marshal Martin De Goiti and Captain Juan de Salcedo to discover Manila’s location and potential. De Goiti anchored at Cavite, attempted to establish authority peacefully by sending a message of friendship to Maynila. Raja Sulayman, its ruler, was willing to accept the friendship offered by Spaniards but did not want to submit to its sovereignty unto them and waged war against them. De Goiti and his army attacked Maynila in June 1570. After a stout fight, he captured the city before returning to Panay. In 1571, the Spaniards returned led by Legazpi READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY along with 280 Spaniards and 600 native allies, and established a settlement there.  SPANISH PERIOD Spanish Rule 1571-1762 In 1595, Manila was decreed to be the capital of the Philippines, although it had already in fact served that function practically from its founding in 1571. Legazpi then ordered the creation of municipal government or cabildo with a set of Spanish-style houses, monasteries, nunneries, churches, and schools giving birth to Intramuros. Intramuros (within the walls) - 1571; protection against Chinese pirates and native uprisings. The walled district of Intramuros, as well as the suburbs outside Intramuros, READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY housed a total of 1200 Spanish families and garrisoned 400 Spanish soldiers.  BRITISH OCCUPATION 1762-1764 British forces conquered Manila in October 1762 and the city was occupied from 1762-1764 as a result of the Seven Years’ War. Spain became Britain’s enemy when it sided with France due to ties between their royal families. The British accepted the written surrender of the Spanish government in the Philippines from Archbishop Rojo and the Real Audiencia on October 30, 1762. The city remained the capital and key to the Spanish Philippines under the government of the provisional British governor, acting through the Archbishop of Manila and the Real Audiencia. READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY  AMERICAN PERIOD 1898-1942 American troops invaded Manila in 1898 and waged war with the Spaniards and Filipinos in the Spanish-American War and the Philippine-American War. The American Navy, under Admiral George Dewey defeated the Spanish squadron in the Battle of Manila Bay on May 1, 1898. Treaty of Paris (December 10, 1898) 1935 – US government committed itself to granting Philippines Independence after ten-year-transition. The general headquarters of the Philippine Commonwealth Army was stationed in the capital city in Ermita, READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY Manila.  JAPANESE PERIOD 1942-1945 After the U.S. ceded control to Japan during WWII, Manila became the focal point of Japanese military presence in the Philippines. Harsh Military Control – Martial Law imposed; Filipino resistance and birth of HUKBALAHAP War Crimes: Japanese military committed atrocities, including massacres and sexual violence against civilians. Destruction of the City: Intense urban warfare between Japanese and Allied forces (U.S. & Filipino troops). The battle lasted for a month and led to the near-total destruction of the city. READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY Reasons Why Manila Became the Capital of the Philippines: o Strategic Location: Situated on Luzon, Manila had a natural harbor in Manila Bay, making it an ideal base for defense and trade o Trade Hub: Manila was the center of the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade, linking Asia to Mexico and Spain, vital for the Spanish economy. o Spanish Conquest (1571): After Miguel López de Legazpi captured Maynila, Manila became the administrative and military center of Spanish rule in the Philippines. o Political Center: Home to key Spanish institutions, including the Royal Audiencia and Governor-General, Manila was the seat of colonial governance. o Religious Influence: It became the hub for Catholic missions, strengthening Spain's religious and political control over the islands. READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY  The End. Readings in the Philippine History  It is a flowering plant from which the name of Manila was derived. Nila READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY  The name of Manila during the period of Malay aristocracy. Seludong/Selurung READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY  These are ancient rock carvings found and located in Rizal. Angono Petroglyphs READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY  He was the governor-general who led the capture of Manila in 1570. Miguel Lopez de Legazpi READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY  It is known as the historic walled city of Manila. Intramuros READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY  References/sources: Martinez, R., et.al. (2021). Readings in the Philippine History. Mindshapers Co., Inc. https://fsmstatistics.fm/quotes/ https://www.canva.com/projects https://www.google.com/ https://www.encyclopedia.com/  Assignment: ❑ List at least five (5) historical landmarks in Manila and explain their significance to Filipino culture and heritage. READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY