Aims and Functions of Education PDF

Aims and Functions of Education Need of Aims of Education Education is a purposeful ‫ هادف‬activity. By education we intend to bring certain desirable changes ‫تغيراث يرغىبت‬in the students. Education is a conscious effort and, as such, it has definite ‫ يذددة‬aims and objectives. In the...

Aims and Functions of Education Need of Aims of Education Education is a purposeful ‫ هادف‬activity. By education we intend to bring certain desirable changes ‫تغيراث يرغىبت‬in the students. Education is a conscious effort and, as such, it has definite ‫ يذددة‬aims and objectives. In the light of these aims the curriculum is determined and the academic achievements ‫تذصيم‬ ‫أكاديًي‬of the student are measured. Education without aim is like a boat without its rudder ‫ شراع‬. Aims give direction to activity. Absence of an aim in education makes it a blind alley ‫ زلاق أػًى‬. Every stage of human development had some aim of life. The aims of life determine aims of education. The aims of education have changed from age to age and thus it is dynamic because the aims of life are dynamic ‫ يتغيرة دائًا‬:‫ ديُاييت‬. Aims give direction to activities. Aims of education are formulated ‫ يتى صياغتها‬keeping in view the needs of situation. Human nature is multisided ‫يتؼددة انجىاَب‬ with multiple needs, which are related to life. Educational aims are correlated to ideals of life ‫يترابطت يغ انًبادئ انؼايت نهذياة‬. The goal of education should be the full flowering ‫ ازدهار كايم‬of the human on this earth. According to a UNESCO study, “the physical, intellectual, emotional and ethical integration ‫ تكايم‬of the individual into a complete man/woman is the fundamental aim of education.” The goal of education is also to form children into human persons committed ‫ يهتسو‬to work for the creation of human communities ‫ يجتًؼاث اَساَيت‬of love, fellowship ‫اَتًاء‬/‫صذبت‬ ُ , freedom, justice and harmony. Students are to be 1 moulded ‫ تشكيههى‬only by making them experience the significance of these values in the school itself. Teachers could achieve this only by the lived example of their lives manifested ‫ تظهر بىظىح‬/‫ تتجهى‬in hundreds of small and big transactions ‫ يؼايالث‬with students in word and deed ‫ ػًم أو ػمد‬. ►Individual and Social Aims Individual aims and social aims are the most important aims of education. They are opposed ٌ‫يتؼارظا‬/ٌ‫ يتمابال‬to each other individual aims gives importance for the development of the individuality. Social aim gives importance to the development of society through individual not fulfilling its desire. But it will be seen that development of individuality assumes ‫ يفترض‬meaning only in a social environment. Education is essential for every society and individual. It is life itself, but not a preparation for life. Man has various qualities ‫ لدراث‬/‫يؤهالث‬/‫ خصائص‬. These qualities of the individual should be developed for the improvement of the country. So education plays a complementary role ‫ دور تكًيهي‬for overall ‫ػايت‬ individual, social and national development. It enables an individual to realize his/her highest self and goal. The key functions and roles of education towards individual, society and country are listed below. Functions of Education towards Individual 1. Development of inborn potentialities ‫ قذراث فطريت‬: Education helps the child to develop the inborn potentialities of child providing scope to develop. 2. Modifying behavior: Education helps to modify ٍ‫ تؼديم وتذسي‬the past behavior through learning and through different agencies ‫يؤسساث‬/‫ وكاالث‬of education. 2 3. All-round development: Education aims at the all-round ‫ػاو ويتكايم‬ development of child—physical, mental, social, emotional and spiritual. 4. Preparing for the future: After completion of education the child can earn its livelihood ‫سبم انؼيش‬ ُ getting proper ‫ يُاسب‬education, which has productivity. The education should be imparted according to the own interest of the child. 5. Developing personality: The whole personality of the child is developed physically, intellectually, morally, socially, aesthetically and spiritually. He/She is recognized in the society. 6. Helping for adjustability ‫التكيف‬/‫التواؤم‬: Man differs from beast ٌ‫ ديىا‬. Man has reasoning and thinking power. Man tries his best to adjust with his own environment through education. Functions of Education towards Society Social Change and Control The society is never static. It is progressive and dynamic. The child lives in society. It is the social environment where the personality of the child can be developed. The old traditions and customs are preserved ‫يذافظت‬/‫ يتذفظت‬and transmitted with the situations, which are ever changing. We should not think or believe in the blind beliefs, which are hindrances ‫ ُيؼيماث‬towards the development. Education helps to walk with the development of science and technology. Reconstruction of Experiences‫إعادة بناء الخبراث‬ Education is lifelong process. Life is education and education is life. Life is full of experiences. One cannot live with his/her past experiences, which are 3 unable to adjust in the society. So education helps the individual to reconstruct the experience and adjust with the environment. Development of Social and Moral Value Society is always in tension ‫ظغػ‬/‫تؼصب‬/‫ػصبيت‬ with narrowism ‫انًذدوديت‬/‫انعيك‬. There is no social or moral value. Now the man is behaving similar to an animal. Animality ‫ انهًجيت‬can be changed with moral education. Education teaches the moral value and social value such as cooperation, tolerance ‫تمبم‬/‫تسايخ‬, sympathy, fellow feelings, love affection, respect towards elder, helping the poor and needy persons. Providing Opportunity or Equality Formal Constitutions ‫ يؤسساث رسًيت‬have introduced the term „equality‟ because persons should get equal opportunities in all aspects. Education teaches us to give equal opportunities in all aspects irrespective ofٍ‫ بغط انُظر ػ‬caste ‫غبمت‬ , creed ‫ ػميدة‬, color, sex and religion. Social Aim The supporters ٍ‫داػًي‬/ٍ‫ يؤيدي‬believe that society or state is supreme ‫سايي‬ or real. The individual is only a means. The progress of the society is the aim of education. Education is for the society and of the society. The function of education is for the welfare ‫ رفاهيت‬of the state. The state will make the individual as it desires. It prepares the individual to play different roles in society. Individuality has no value and personality is meaningless apart from ٍ‫بًؼسل ػ‬ society. If society will develop individual will develop automatically. Here society plays an important role. 4  Synthesis between Individual and Social Aims of Education Individual aim and social aim of education go independently‫بشكم يستمم‬. Both are opposing to each other. It is not in reality; neither the individual nor the society can exist. The individual is the product of the society, while society finds its advancement ‫تمدو‬/‫ تطىر‬in the development of its individual members. Individual cannot develop in vacuum ‫في انفراؽ‬. Some scholars view that „individuality requires a social medium ‫ وسيػ يجتًؼي‬to grow‟; and „individuality develops in social environment.‟ Functions of Education towards Nation 1. Inculcation ‫ غرس‬of civic and social responsibility: Education helps to make rising generation to understand its rights and duties as citizens of a democratic country. 2. Training for leadership: The leadership quality ‫ سًت‬of the individual is developed when he/she participates in all spheres ‫ جىاَب‬of social, political, religious and educational activities. 3. National integration ‫التكامل القومي‬: We are living in one country having diversities ‫تُىػاث‬/‫ اختالفاث‬in respect of color, caste, language, diet ‫يجهس تشريؼي‬, dress, habits and physical environment. Educational integration leads to emotional integration. Education trains people for unity, not for locality ‫يذهيت‬, for democracy and not for dictatorship. Education serves the most important end of educating the man. 5 4. Total national development: Education helps for bringing about total national development by developing its all aspects, i.e. social, economic, cultural, spiritual, moral, educational, etc. Therefore, really education is an essential ingredient for all ages and stages of the life of an individual, society as well as the nation. Education can be a real panacea ‫ ترياق شايم‬for all social evils. ► Other Aims - Vocational aim ‫انهدف انًهُي‬ - Knowledge or information aim - Culture aim - Character formation aim or the moral aim - Spiritual aim - Adjustment aim - Citizenship training aim - Complete living aim - Social aim ►Exercise: Suggest at least TEN MCq question on the content above: ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 6