Intro to Fabrics PDF

Textile Institute of Pakistan, Karachi. TEXT202 (Fabric Technology) What is Fabric? A fabric is defined as the product of textile made by the combination of yarns and/or fibres and filaments having enough strength, flexibility and cover and can take the sh...

Textile Institute of Pakistan, Karachi. TEXT202 (Fabric Technology) What is Fabric? A fabric is defined as the product of textile made by the combination of yarns and/or fibres and filaments having enough strength, flexibility and cover and can take the shape of a garment. Generally, produced by the combination of yarns (woven & knitted fabrics); however, fabrics can also be made by only fibres (non-wovens). Classification/types of Fabrics Woven Fabrics o Fabrics that are made by the interlacement of two sets of yarn. Knitted Fabrics o Fabrics that are produced by transforming the yarn (s) into a loop then intermeshing the loop with it adjacent loops on both sides and above & below. Non-Woven Fabrics o Non-woven fabrics are broadly defined as sheet or web structures bonded together by entangling the fibres or filaments mechanically, thermally, or chemically. Bonded Fabrics o A non-woven fabric in which webs of fibres are held together by a bonding material. This may be an adhesive or a bonding fibre with a low melting point. Felted Fabrics o Felted fabrics are produced by matting, condensing and pressing fibres together. Tufted Fabrics o Tufted fabrics are made by the combination of: Foundation Cloth Tufts Braided Fabrics o A braided fabric is a rope like, which is made by interweaving three or more yarns in a diagonally overlapping pattern. Laced Fabrics o A laced fabric is an open work fabric made from intermeshing threads into a fabric. Prepared By: Shakeel Ahmad Paracha Page 1 of 5  Textile Institute of Pakistan, Karachi. TEXT202 (Fabric Technology) Comparison between Different Fabrics Woven Fabrics o Woven fabrics are produced by the interlacment of two sets of yarns. o Sizing is required before weaving. o Yarn preparation is must. o The production capacity of the woven fabrics is less than that of knitted fabrics. o The production cost of the woven fabrics is higher. o About 48 % of the fabrics are produced by weaving techniques in the textile section. o The elastic property of the woven fabrics is less than knitted fabrics. o Dimensional stability is higher than knitted fabrics. Knitted Fabrics o Fabrics that are produced by transforming the yarn (s) into a loop then intermeshing the loop with its adjacent loops on both sides and above & below. o One set of yarn is used. o Do not require sizing. o Yarn preparation is not so necessary. o The production capacity of the knitted fabrics is more. o The production cost of the knitted fabrics is less. o About 52 % of the fabrics are produced by knitting technology in the textile section. o The elastic property of the knit fabrics is higher than woven fabrics. o Dimensional stability is lower than the woven fabrics. Non-woven Fabrics o Non-woven fabrics are not the true fabrics as they have no internal structure. o Felting and bonding techniques are used to produce the non-woven fabrics. o Woven fabrics are much stronger than non-woven fabrics. o Non-woven fabrics are mostly used for interlining or to make hats or other handicrafts. o Non-woven Fabrics do not require shedding, filling insertion and beat up. Miscellaneous Fabrics o Miscellaneous fabrics can be formed by the diagonal interlacing of yarns. o Yarn system of loops is 'sewn' or ‘stitched' through a primary backing fabric, usually a woven fabric. o Usually back-coated in a later process to secure tufted loops. o Miscellaneous Fabrics do not require shedding, filling insertion and beat up. Characteristics of Woven Fabrics Stretching is restricted both lengthwise & widthwise. Excellent covering power. Processing and handling both are easy. They have a long life. Dyeing & printing is easily carried out. Prepared By: Shakeel Ahmad Paracha Page 2 of 5  Textile Institute of Pakistan, Karachi. TEXT202 (Fabric Technology) Weaving Machines The actual process of weaving, i.e. the interlacement of warp and weft is carried out on a machine called as a loom. There are several types of looms. Generally, looms are classified based on the method of weft insertion they use. Types of Weaving Machines Uses of Woven Fabrics Apparel Bed linen & tablecloths Tapestry & upholstery fabrics Curtains Towels Floor coverings as carpets, rugs & mats Filter cloths Tent fabrics Umbrella & parachute fabrics Fireproof & waterproof fabrics Space age garments like astronaut’s suits, etc. Prepared By: Shakeel Ahmad Paracha Page 3 of 5  Textile Institute of Pakistan, Karachi. TEXT202 (Fabric Technology) Types of Woven Fabrics Dress fabrics Denim Terry toweling Velvets & velveteens Corduroys Leno fabrics Jacquard fabrics Brocades Damasks Woven carpets (Wilton & Brussels) Specifications of Woven Fabrics Ends per inch Picks per inch Warp count Weft count Warp & weft crimp % The weight of fabric per unit area Weave design Prepared By: Shakeel Ahmad Paracha Page 4 of 5  Textile Institute of Pakistan, Karachi. TEXT202 (Fabric Technology) Prepared By: Shakeel Ahmad Paracha Page 5 of 5