Chapter 1: Machining Technology PDF

CHAPTER 1 : MACHINING TECHNOLOGY MACHINING TECHNOLOGY CHAPTER 1 : MACHINING TECHNOLOGY 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Machine Tools 1.2.1 History of Machine Tools 1.2.2 Standard Machine Tools 1.2.2.1 Drill Press 1.2.2.2 Engine Lathe 1.2.2....

CHAPTER 1 : MACHINING TECHNOLOGY MACHINING TECHNOLOGY CHAPTER 1 : MACHINING TECHNOLOGY 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Machine Tools 1.2.1 History of Machine Tools 1.2.2 Standard Machine Tools 1.2.2.1 Drill Press 1.2.2.2 Engine Lathe 1.2.2.3 Milling Machine 1.2.2.4 Sawing Machine 1.3 Benefits of Technology in Machining Practical : None  1.1 INTRODUCTION MACHINING DEFINITION : Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary defines machining as “to process by or as if by machine; especially; to reduces or finish by or as if by turning, shaping, planing, or milling by machine-operated tools”. To be added, machining is using machine tools to cut materials to desired sizes and shapes. 1.2 MACHINE TOOLS 1.2 Machine Tools 1.2.1 History of Machine Tools 1.2.2 Standard Machine Tools 1.2.2.1 Drill Press 1.2.2.2 Engine Lathe 1.2.2.3 Milling Machine 1.2.2.4 Sawing Machine  1.2 MACHINE TOOLS 1.2.1 HISTORY OF MACHINE TOOLS History of machining Humans have used machine tools for centuries; from very primitive forms to advancing and high levels of technology, precision and efficiency. Earlier machine tools were man powered and animals or water or steam. Finally, electricity.  1.2 MACHINE TOOLS 1.2.2 STANDARD MACHINE TOOLS Standard machine tools or commonly used machine tools are generally power-driven metal cutting or forming machines used to shape metals. Each machine is designed and suited for specific applications. Many are greatly improved versions of the earliest hand-held and hand-powered tools using the same basic principles of operations. Others are completely different technologies that have been developed recently. Machine tools are referred to as either conventional (or manual) or CNC types. Example of standard or commonly used machine tools are; 1. Drill Press 2. Engine Lathe 3. Milling Machine 4. Sawing Machine  1.2 MACHINE TOOLS 1.2.2.1 DRILL PRESS The drill press or drilling machine, probably the first mechanical devices developed prehistorically, is used primarily to produces round holes Drill press performs hole-making operations by pushing a rotating cutting tool into the workpiece. It provide greater power and control than hand-held electric drills when performing hole-making operations and available in different styles and sizes depending on type of work.  1.2 MACHINE TOOLS 1.2.2.1 DRILL PRESS.  1.2 MACHINE TOOLS 1.2.2.2 ENGINE LATHE Engine lathe is one of the most versatile and oldest tools in machining. The principal operation of the engine lathe is to rigidly hold and rotate a workpiece against a cutting tool. The tools travel along the outside of the workpiece to shave off material and produce cylindrical parts. Straight turning, tapering, facing, drilling, boring, reaming, and thread cutting are some of the common operations performed on a lathe.  1.2 MACHINE TOOLS 1.2.2.2 ENGINE LATHE  1.2 MACHINE TOOLS 1.2.2.2 ENGINE LATHE  1.2 MACHINE TOOLS 1.2.2.3 MILLING MACHINE Milling machines are primarily used to machine flat and angled surfaces by feeding a workpiece into a rotating cutting tools to remove material. In a simple word, milling machine use rotating cutters moved across a part to remove material. Milling conventional types perform accurate holemaking operations and produce flat surfaces. While, CNC version can cut curves and contours.  1.2 MACHINE TOOLS 1.2.2.3 MILLING MACHINE  1.2 MACHINE TOOLS 1.2.2.3 MILLING MACHINE  1.2 MACHINE TOOLS 1.2.2.4 SAWING MACHINE Commonly, called saws. Sawing machine uses multi-tooth saw blades to perform cutting. There are four common types of sawing machines: 1) The power hacksaw 2) The band saw 3) The abrasive cut-off saw 4) The cold saw The power hacksaw is the mostly used in any workshop.  1.2 MACHINE TOOLS 1.2.2.4 SAWING MACHINE Power Hacksaw Band Hacksaw  1.2 MACHINE TOOLS 1.2.2.4 SAWING MACHINE abrasive cut-off saw Cold Saw  1.3 BENEFITS OF TECHNOLOGY IN MACHINING There are some benefits or we called it as the role of machining in society. People, manufacturing and machining are the most effected while the technology are continually improved. In aerospace, automotive, and motorsport industries are rely heavily on machining and machine tools. For example; the gears, wheel, bolt and nut, engine, drive train and other part are using machining operations to produce precisely. Medical fields is one of major example. Machine tools produce many medical devices that are used in today’s high tech surgical procedures. One of the best known are artificial heart. Durable goods and consumable goods; 1. Durable goods such as hardware, glass product, metal can, hand tools that using molding, foming dies, forging dies and others. 2. Consumable goods such as clothing, paper or plastics packaging, even some foods are shaped by using food molding.  Question 1. Define the term machining. 2. List the standard machine tools used in workshop. 3. Name the common operations performed by lathe machine. 4. Explain briefly the benefits of technology in machining towards automotive industry. References Peter Hoffman, Eric Hopewell and Brian Janes (2015), “Precision Machining Technology”, Second Edition, Cengage Learning, USA. S. F. Krar, J. W. Oswald and J. E. St. Amand (1986), “Technology of Machine Tools”, Third Edition, McGraw-Hill.