Topic 6: Pediatric Considerations Quiz PDF

Performance Exit Topic 6: Pediatric Considerations Due May 26, 2024 by 11:59 pm 100% 13 out of 25 questions answered correctly Completed on May 26, 2024 11:09 pm Incorrect (12)...

Performance Exit Topic 6: Pediatric Considerations Due May 26, 2024 by 11:59 pm 100% 13 out of 25 questions answered correctly Completed on May 26, 2024 11:09 pm Incorrect (12) Report content error Which pediatric age classification includes patients who are 28 days to 23 months old?  Children Adolescent Term neonate Infant/toddler Rationale Patients who are 28 days to 23 months old are classified as infant/toddler. Children are 24 months to 11 years old. Adolescents are 12 years to 16 or 18 years old, depending on the region. Term neonates are aged from birth at 38 or more weeks’ gestation to 27 days. Test-Taking Tip: Have confidence in your initial response to an item because it more than likely is the correct answer. p. 45 Report content error Which factor must the nurse be vigilant about to prevent errors in pediatric drug administration? Duration of illness Severe side effects Color of the drug Drug or container shape Rationale To prevent errors in pediatric drug administration, the nurse administering a drug to a child must be aware of the severe side effects of the drug. The patient’s duration of illness and dietary restrictions are not factors that a nurse must be vigilant of in order to prevent pediatric drug administration. p. 44 Report content error To which pediatric classification does a 3-year-old belong? Infant Toddler Child Adolescent Rationale A 3-year-old is placed under the classification of u201cchild,u201d as all children between 24 months and 11 years old are considered children. Infant and toddlers are from 28 days to 23 months old. An adolescent is from 12 years to 16 or 18 years old, varying by region. Test-Taking Tip: Do not select answers that contain exceptions to the general rule, controversial material, or degrading responses. p. 45 Report content error Under which pediatric classification is a 12-year-old placed? Adolescent Child Teen Preteen Rationale A 12-year-old is placed under the adolescent classification. A child is from 24 months to 11 years old. “Teen” and “preteen” are not part of pediatric age classification. p. 45 Report content error Which pediatric age group is given drugs whose dosage Which pediatric age group is given drugs whose dosage form is dependent on the indication? Baby Child Infant Neonate Rationale The neonatal age group is given drugs whose dosage form is dependent on the indication. “Baby” is not an age group classification; the aligned term “infant” is an age group classification. Effervescent tablets are used in children. Small volume syrups are used in infants. Test-Taking Tip: Many times the correct answer is the longest alternative given, but do not count on it. Item writers (those who write the questions) are also aware of this and attempt to avoid offering you such “helpful hints.” p. 47 Report content error Which pediatric age group is administered drugs in the form of orally disintegrating tablets? 1 to 5 years  6 to 11 years 12 to 15 years 15 to 18 years Rationale Orally disintegrating tablets are given to older children in the 6-to-11- year age group. Infants and toddlers (1 month to 2 years) are given small volume syrups, and younger children (3 to 5 years) are given liquids. Tablets and capsules are given to children in the adolescent age group (children over 12 years). p. 47 Report content error Which pediatric age group is prescribed drugs in the form of oral films? 1 to 5 years 6 to 11 years 12 to 15 years 15 to 18 years Rationale Oral films are given for older children in the 6-to-11-year age group. Infants and toddlers (1 month to 2 years) are given small volume syrups, and younger children (3 to 5 years) are given liquids. Adolescents (children older than 12) are given tablets and capsules. p. 47 Report content error At which age does hepatic blood flow match that of an adult? 6 months 12 months 18 months 24 months Rationale By 12 months of age, hepatic blood flow has reached that of an adult. It does not match that of an adult by age 6 months, but it does before 18 months and 24 months. Test-Taking Tip: The most reliable way to ensure that you select the correct response to a multiple-choice question is to recall it. Depend on your learning and memory to furnish the answer to the question. To do this, read the stem, and then stop! Do not look at the response options yet. Try to recall what you know and, based on this, what you would give as the answer. After you have taken a few seconds to do this, then look at all of the choices and select the one that most nearly matches the answer you recalled. It is important that you consider all the choices and not just choose the first option that seems to fit the answer you recall. Remember the distractors. The second choice may look okay, but the fourth choice may be worded in a way that makes it a slightly better choice. If you do not weigh all the choices, you are not maximizing your chances of correctly answering each question. p. 45 Report content error Which term describes the study of the time course of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion? Pharmacokinetics Pharmacogenetics Pharmacodynamics Pharmacotherapeutics Rationale Pharmacokinetics describes the study of the time course of drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion. Pharmacogenetics is the study of the effect of genetic factors on reactions to drugs. Pharmacodynamics refers to the mechanisms of action and effects of a drug on the body and includes the onset, peak, and duration of effect of a drug. Pharmacotherapeutics is the study of the therapeutic uses and effects of drugs. p. 45 Report content error Which other age besides chronological age is important in the pediatric population for its impact on a child’s response to drug administration? Social Behavioral Psychological Developmental Rationale It is important for the nurse to differentiate between the child’s developmental age and the child’s chronological age, as this difference has an impact on the child’s response to drug administration. Social, behavioral, and psychological are not quantifiable ages relevant to drug administration. p. 46 Report content error Which discrepancy is observed in pediatric drug administration? Adequate information on drug effectiveness is available through research. All drugs used for children have gone through appropriate clinical trials. Drugs are being used off-label and for purposes without approval. Drug administration errors are less common in pediatric patients. Rationale Only half of all drugs carry federally approved indications for use in children. Thus many drugs prescribed for children are being prescribed off-label, which means that the drugs are being used for purposes for which they have not been approved. There are very few research studies regarding drug effectiveness in children. Many drugs have not undergone the clinical trials required for federal approval; they have not been approved for pediatric use. Safe use for children may be guided by small studies or the judgment of the clinician and may be based on anecdotal evidence. Drug administration errors are more common in pediatric patients, warranting increased precautions in pediatric drug administration. p. 2 Report content error To which pediatric classification does a 3-year-old belong? Infant Toddler Child Adolescent Rationale A 3-year-old is placed under the classification of u201cchild,u201d as all children between 24 months and 11 years old are considered children. Infant and toddlers are from 28 days to 23 months old. An adolescent is from 12 years to 16 or 18 years old, varying by region. Test-Taking Tip: Do not select answers that contain exceptions to the general rule, controversial material, or degrading responses. p. 45 Correct (13) Report content error In which patient population are drug administration errors most common, according to regulatory agencies? Male Female Pediatric Older adult Rationale Regulatory agencies caution that drug administration errors are most common in pediatric patients, which warrants increased precautions in drug administration. Regulatory agencies do not cite more errors among male, female, or older adult patients. p. 44 Report content error Which term describes the use of drugs that do not have federally approved indications for use in pediatric federally approved indications for use in pediatric populations? Off label Anecdotal Research equity Informed consent Rationale Only half of all drugs carry federally approved indications for use in children, so many drugs prescribed for children are being prescribed off label, which means that the drugs are being used for purposes for which they have not been approved. Anecdotal evidence may provide a basis for this use in lieu of scientific research. Research equity describes efforts to require drug manufacturers to study pediatric drug use and offer incentives for pediatric pharmacology research. Informed consent is difficult to obtain in the pediatric population. Test-Taking Tip: Sometimes the reading of a question in the middle or toward the end of an exam may trigger the answer in your mind or provide an important clue to an earlier question. p. 42 Report content error Which organ is primarily involved in the metabolism of Which organ is primarily involved in the metabolism of medications? Liver Lungs Kidneys Pancreas Rationale The liver is primarily involved in the metabolism of medications. The enzymes present in the liver convert complex drug molecules into a simple form. The lungs are mainly involved in the excretion of water- soluble medications. The kidneys eliminate drug molecules along with urine. The pancreas is a mixed gland that secretes insulin in the body and promotes glucose metabolism, but it is not involved in the metabolism and excretion of drugs. p. 45 Report content error Which strategy is used to prevent drug administration errors in pediatric pharmacology? Extrapolate adult research conclusions to the pediatric population.  Use the largest syringe for administering injectable drugs. Explain the side effects of drugs after drug administration. Explain simple calculations to the parent, including measurement systems. Rationale Parents or guardians will need to understand drug units of measurement, and this needs to be explained using simple calculations, ensuring that the proper metric and measurement systems are used. Conclusions of adult research cannot be extrapolated to the pediatric population because several pediatric factors, including body weight and organ functions, can cause overdosage or underdosage of a drug. For safety when administering injectable drugs to children, the nurse uses the smallest syringe that ensures the most exact measurement of the drug. Side effects of drugs should be mentioned to parents or guardians prior to drug administration. Test-Taking Tip: Avoid selecting answers that state hospital rules or regulations as a reason or rationale for action. p. 44 Report content error Which strategy helps to reduce drug administration errors in children?  Exact values for calculation Large syringe for injections Same dose for all children Percentage of adult dose Rationale The drug dosage for a child must be an exact dose based on the body size of the child and not approximate values. Small syringes are used for injections in children to ensure the most exact measurement of the drug. The dosage of the drug varies by body size, and the same dose cannot be used for all children. Drugs for children are never given as a percentage of the adult dose. p. 1 Report content error Which method ensures safe drug administration in children? Ignore food allergies. Double-check the math of the dose. Identify the patient’s place of residence.  Check the patient’s scholastic performance. Rationale For safe drug administration, the nurse double-checks the math of the dose calculated. All allergies are noted, and the nurse ensures that there is no presence of any allergic material in the preparation of the drug. Scholastic performance and place of residence do not have any effect on safe drug administration. Test-Taking Tip: If the question asks for an immediate action or response, all of the answers may be correct, so base your selection on identified priorities for action. p. 44 Report content error Under which pediatric classification is a 45-day-old placed? Baby Neonate Infant Child Rationale Those from 28 days to 23 months old are classified as infants/toddlers. Those from birth to 27 days old are classified as neonates. Those from 24 months to 11 years old are classified as children. Infant, not baby, is a classification. p. 2 Report content error Which term describes therapeutic care that eliminates or minimizes the psychological and physical distress experienced by children and families? Research equity Atraumatic care Informed consent Age-appropriate dosing Rationale Donna Wong’s principle of atraumatic care is “the philosophy of providing therapeutic care through the use of interventions that eliminate or minimize the psychological and physical distress experienced by children and families.” Research equity describes efforts to require drug manufacturers to study pediatric drug use and offer incentives for pediatric pharmacology research. Informed consent is difficult to obtain in the pediatric population. Age-appropriate dosing involves taking into consideration the developmental and metabolic differences in the pediatric population. Test-Taking Tip: Look for answers that focus on the patient or are directed toward feelings. p. 46 Report content error Which factor is characteristic of research in pediatric pharmacology? Adequate research studies are there, but the results are not being translated to clinical practice. Most research studies in the pediatric population are used to determine the effectiveness of a drug. Obtaining informed consent from the parents is more difficult because of the invasive nature of data gathering. Research risks are comparatively less in the pediatric age group than in the adult age group. Rationale Parents and guardians are reluctant to give informed consent for research on their children because of the risks involved and the potentially invasive nature of data gathering. There are fewer studies in the pediatric population because of research risks and difficulty in obtaining informed consent. Most available information is based on studies on adult samples. There are very few studies conducted to determine the effectiveness of a drug in children. Research risks are comparatively higher in the pediatric age group than in the adult age group. p. 1 Report content error Which pediatric patients are given drugs in small volumes in liquid form? Neonates Infants Older children Adolescents Rationale Drugs in small volumes are given as syrups or solutions to infants between 1 month and 2 years old. In neonates, the dosage form is dependent on the indication. In older children, drugs are administered as chewable or orally disintegrating tablets. In adolescents, they are administered as tablets or capsules. p. 4 Report content error Which pediatric age classification includes patients who are 28 days to 23 months old? Children Adolescent Term neonate Infant/toddler Rationale Patients who are 28 days to 23 months old are classified as infant/toddler. Children are 24 months to 11 years old. Adolescents are 12 years to 16 or 18 years old, depending on the region. Term neonates are aged from birth at 38 or more weeks’ gestation to 27 days. Test-Taking Tip: Have confidence in your initial response to an item because it more than likely is the correct answer. p. 45  Report content error Which factor must the nurse be vigilant about to prevent errors in pediatric drug administration? Duration of illness Severe side effects Color of the drug Drug or container shape Rationale To prevent errors in pediatric drug administration, the nurse administering a drug to a child must be aware of the severe side effects of the drug. The patient’s duration of illness and dietary restrictions are not factors that a nurse must be vigilant of in order to prevent pediatric drug administration. p. 44 Report content error Under which pediatric classification is a 12-year-old placed? Adolescent  Child Teen Preteen Rationale A 12-year-old is placed under the adolescent classification. A child is from 24 months to 11 years old. “Teen” and “preteen” are not part of pediatric age classification. p. 45 1 topics covered Chapter 6, Pediatric Considerations Novice McCuistion: Pharmacology, 11th Edition Novice Intermediate Proficient Questions answered You 41 Quiz me on this topic