The Scientific Revolution Part Two PDF

The Scientific Revolution Part Two The Scientific Method - Gathering and testing ideas - Pose a question based on observations - Form a hypothesis - An experiment based on the data collected - Analyze the data to reach a conclusion or new hypothesis - Francis Bacon (1600s) instead of reasoning from...

The Scientific Revolution Part Two The Scientific Method - Gathering and testing ideas - Pose a question based on observations - Form a hypothesis - An experiment based on the data collected - Analyze the data to reach a conclusion or new hypothesis - Francis Bacon (1600s) instead of reasoning from abstract theories (deductive), observe experiments and draw conclusions (inductive reasoning or empiricism) Rene Descartes used mathematics and reason, everything should be doubted until proven - “I think, therefore I am.” - Strict reasoning to arrive at basic truths. - The Cartesian Plane - He said the only thing he did not doubt was that he existed Observations, more experimentation and mathematical laws led to a better understanding of the natural world A new generation of curious scientists that adopted Reason not superstition to discover the truth Isaac Newton (1643-1727) - The father of modern science - He created calculus - He wasn’t a likable or social person He created the Universal Laws of Gravitation - Every object is attracted to another, based on their mass and distance between each other. The Principles of Natural Philosophy Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica - Describes the universe mathematically, - A Deist view of the heavens (God created the universe and let it run on its owns) 1. An object stays at rest or in motion unless another force is exerted on that object 2. F=MA (force equals mass times acceleration) 3. For every action there is an opposite and equal reaction.. Scientific Instruments Zacharias Janssen (1590) invented the Microscope Anton Van Leeuwenhoek (1674) (Dutch) observed bacteria and red blood cells with a microscope Evangelista Torricelli (1643), a student of Galileo, developed the first barometer (Atmospheric pressure and weather) In 1660, England established the Royal Society to support scientific study 1666 France established the Academy of Sciences Gabriel Fahrenheit 1714, (German) used mercury in a glass and showed water freezing at 32 degrees Anders Celsius 1742 (Swedish) developed another scale to measure temperature where water froze at Zero degrees The Human Body Scientists relied on the Roman, Galen, to understand the body, how it worked, but others discovered more... Galen used pigs and other animals to understand human anatomy and physiology Andreas Vesalius 1543, proved many of Galen’s assumptions were wrong in his work, On the structure of the human body Edward Jenner developed the vaccine for smallpox 1700s, using cowpox to inoculate humans from smallpox - The smallpox vaccine saved millions of lives Robert Boyle; Founder of modern chemistry, The Sceptical Chymist (1661) Boyle’s Law; volume, air, and pressure affect each other - He replaced Aristotle’s idea of 4 elements (water, earth, fire, and air) - Boyle discovered or rediscovered the idea that everything is made up of smaller–much smaller–particles… atoms Democritus (460-370 BCE) He thought that all things could be cut into smaller things Atomos, which means “uncuttable” in Greek