Neurological Physiology, Part II PDF

Denver College of Nursing ADN and BSN Programs Neurological Physiology, Part II   Protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord WE ▪ Dura mater ▪ subdural space – veins Hard mother ▪ Arachnoid Epidymal ce...

Denver College of Nursing ADN and BSN Programs Neurological Physiology, Part II   Protective membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord WE ▪ Dura mater ▪ subdural space – veins Hard mother ▪ Arachnoid Epidymal cell ▪ CSF cerebral spinal fluid internal ▪ Pia mater soft mother  Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and the ventricular system  CSF – clear, colorless similar to blood plasma and interstitial fluid  125 to 150 ml  Produced by choroid plexus (ependymal cells) within the ventricles (lateral, 3rd & 4th)  Reabsorbed through the arachnoid villi  Lobes and Functions: Frontal = Higher cognitive Function decision making Efft Logic Parietal = sensory integration main Occipital = vision Temporal = Hearing Brainstem = vital Reflexes part  Crossover: Brain Body Brain Body Fine motor control control body Temp Patient plays violin during her brain surgery: https://packaged- media.redd.it/55u5bqwwjsmb1/pb/m2- res_720p.mp4?m=DASHPlaylist.mpd&v=1&e= 1694120400&s=f3f9c1343a29d97ffac67a3debf c14355d92b04e#t=0 Javital Reflexes  Name of nerves Oh oh oh To Touch And Feel Very Good velvet An Heaven's  Function of nerves some Money But My Brother Says B 19 say marry Brains Matter Gore  Olfactory (I)  Facial (VII)  Optic (II)  Vestibulocochlear (VIII)  Oculomotor (III)  Glossopharyngeal (IX)  Trochlear (IV)  Vagus (X)  Trigeminal (V)  Accessory (XI)  Abducens (VI)  Hypoglossal (XII)  name Fnx issues assements sensory smell sensory taste I. Olfactory VII. g Facial B motor Facial Express sensory_ vision II. Optic S VIII. Vestibular cochlear S Sensory Hearing Balance motormikkent III. Oculomotor m IX. Eisspnarngeal B sensory taste motor eye motor swallowing movement IV. Trochlear m X. Vagus B sensory motor 5 5 3 S V. Trigeminal B Facialsensation XI. Accessory M mastication motor shoulder muscles motor m eyemovement motor Speen VI. Abduceans XII.Hypoglossal m towage moment https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LErhlZrv Q7g&t=41s&pp=ygUaY3JhbmlhbCBuZXJ2ZSB kcmF3aW5nIGZhY2U%3D ensory  Optic (II) – Sensory Vision  Oculomotor (III) – Motor control superior, medial, inferior rectus, + inferior oblique (Also controls pupil constriction)  Trochlear (IV) – Motor control of superior oblique  Abducens (VI) – Motor control of lateral rectus CN IV CN III CN VI Image from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov O  Bram NOT involved involuntary Nopal Receptor Detectstimuli Sensory Newe Afferent ascending CNSL PNS Interneuron decides a I got this b need bramhelp motor nerve CNS 8PNS Preventing Effector muscle Reflex Arc  Receptor  Afferent (sensory) neuron  Efferent (motor) neuron  Effector – muscle/gland Review… how many vertebrae? 7 12 5  a PNS INS CNS CNS through the in out through the back front O  Spinal Cord nerve roots  Dorsal nerve root  localized / specific cord level I area of skin w afferent sensation (dermatomes) spinal nerve Tea  Ventral nerve root  localized / specific cord level muscle innervated w efferent motor control (myotomes) 1 1 Spinal nerve mF Ta to map possible spinal cord injuries Allows you non invasively quickly Image from: http://www.whiplash101.com / Apparelyzed.com Dermaterves allow to  y f y y have  A 28 year old patient is brought into the ER due to motorcycle accident with possible spinal cord injuries. Which two portions of the spine should a nurse access first? Tvital Reflex if cervical is okay and lumbar is okay Thorasic is okay  Brain Spinal cord CNS Fekete Descending Arkan fencing PNS Autonomic socatic inv01 ypyyp.ua Skeletal muscles rest smoothmuscles active  “Fight or Flight” Tachycardia   HR  Vasoconstriction to Smooth Ms digestion  Vasodilatation to Skeletal Ms muste actuity   peristalsis digestion  Mydriasis Pupil dilation  Effects on glands: Increases epinephrine, sweat secretion and decreases digestive secretion  “Rest and Digest” Food coma   HR Bradycardia  NO Δ smooth muscle vasculature  NO Δ skeletal muscle vasculature   peristalsis P Digestion  Miosis Pupil constriction  Effects on glands: No effect on adrenal medulla or sweat glands, but increases secretion of digestive enzymes  outputs Pay attention to  SNS “Fight or Flight” Ach EEF.ec NorEp  Short Preganglionic Fibers Goal get multiple organ to react ▪ “Cholinergic” (Acetylcholine signal) once shotgun effect  Long Postganglionic fibers ▪ “Adrenergic” (Norepinephrine signal) gorgon  PNS “Rest & Digest” F E S Ach Ach  Long Preganglionic Fibers Goal to maintain ▪ “Cholinergic” (Acetylcholine signal) homeostasis  Short Postganglionic fibers single bullet ▪ ALSO “Cholinergic” (Acetylcholine signal)  SNS “Fight or Flight”  Primary chemical signal Epi NorEPi ▪ Epinephrine / Norepinephrine Isa  PNS “Rest & Digest”  Primary chemical signal ▪ Acetylcholine  voluntary O achetocholve Involuntary para o SymP  Somatic= Voluntary control of motor nerves  This is the division that provides voluntary nervous control of the musculoskeletal system v01 need Ach  Factors that P odds of reperipheral m  Limited to myelinated axons NS Crush injury nerve intac  Generally only in the PNS (Schwann cells) T 20 min  CNS limited by ↑ scar formation and different type of myelin (oligodendrocytes)  Repair depends upon location, type of injury (crush vs. cut), inflammatory response and scar tissue formation  sheath myrein metaplasia Schwann cells sheath myein