Personal Growth and Development PDF

PERSONAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT MODULE 3: DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES 1 2  OBJECTIVES: By the end of the class students will be able to: + Understand the fundamental principles of human development. + Learn the tasks during Middle and late adolesce...

PERSONAL GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT MODULE 3: DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES 1 2  OBJECTIVES: By the end of the class students will be able to: + Understand the fundamental principles of human development. + Learn the tasks during Middle and late adolescents + Differentiate the characteristics of Middle and late adolescents + Identify physical and cognitive developments during this period. 3 Human development refers to the stages of changes that individuals undergo through the life span. It involves processes that involve physiological, biological, cognitive and social development that we experience during our journey from babyhood to adulthood. 4 Factors contributing to human development 1. Nature - Is a persons biological inheritance, and the traits derived from ones biological parents. 2. Nurture - The physical and social environment of an individual that forms traits, attitudes and motivations. 5 Understanding the adolescence Adolescence is defined as a developmental stage transition from the period of puberty to legal age or age of maturity. Its from a Latin word “adolescere” which means = to grow up. It can be broken into 3 stages: 1. Early adolescence : 10-14 y/o 2. Middle adolescence : 15-17 y/o 3. Late adolescence : 18-20 y/o 6 1. Early adolescence (10-14 y/o)  it is the point that puberty becomes evident. Individual start to observe the rapidly changing physical attributes, such as more hair among males, broader shoulder and begin to worry about their appearance.  Starts to feel shy and conscious with the opposite sex and demands privacy and being alone with their rooms. 7 2. Middle adolescence (15-17 y/o)  Becomes extremely conscious about their physical looks and how others see them.  Extra conscious about grooming, and changing their looks be having a “make over”, and how to be attractive.  Social media provides these young people to gain attention through posting of selfies online and asking for likes and shares. 8 3. Late adolescence (18-20 y/o)  Generally happens during high school years which starts from being a freshmen who feels anxious about the bigger school with a bigger crowd while feeling excited and enthusiastic about the new world of possibilities.  Incidentally for this young people engaging in risky activities such as dating a person of interest, driving a car over drinking alcohol. 9  BASIC MATURATION DURING ADOLESCENCE 1. Emotional Development a. Develop low self-esteem due to hormonal changes b. Idealism and high expectations c. Conscious with the opposite sex and physical looks d. Desires independence and to engage activities on their own 10 2. Physical Development a. Onset of puberty b. Gains muscles and greater height c. Completion of the development of sexual traits 11 3. Social Development a. Desires friends of the same views, ideals and interests b. Peers become essential c. Becomes romantically attached d. High risk in joining gangs and risky activities 12 4. Mental Development - Higher cognition in the face of life’s realities - Understands points of concerns and issues to the family and society - Develops moral insights 13 Theories explaining adolescent development ERIK ERIKSON’S THEORY Psychosocial development 1. Trust vs mistrust (birth to 18 months) - The stage in which the infant feels uncertain about the external world. Hence he seeks for the caregiver for stability and consistency of care. If the care derives is reliable then the infant develops trust. 14 2. Autonomy vs shame and doubt (18 months to 3 y.o.) - The child begins to assert for independence and starts to make decisions such as choosing clothes. It is important that parents allow child to explore according to their limits and in a supportive environment. - If the parent are so restrictive and limiting then the child would develop shame and doubt. - Toilet training - Scaffolding 15 3. Initiative vs Guilt (3 to 5 years old) - The child starts to regularly interact with other children. Interpersonal skills should be explored by initiating activities. - Developing a sense of responsibility increases his or her initiative. - Play age and Curiosity - Suppression of this leads to a feeling of guilt and anxiety. 16 4. Industry vs Inferiority (5 to 12 years old) - The stage where peer group becomes very important and becomes the source of self-esteem. - The energy is directed towards mastering knowledge and intellectual skills. - Encouraging these individuals and reinforcing them for their initiatives make them confident and industrious. 17 5. Identity vs role confusion (12 to 18 years old) - The individual begins to look to the future. Family, career and relationships. - Several roles are considered at this stage. - He or she explore possibilities and form identities. - If limiting parents push a certain identity to the adolescent then there is a role confusion. 18 6. Intimacy vs Isolation (18 to 40 years old) - The stage where one shares ones self more intimately with others, the exploration of relationships. - Success in this stage leads to happy relationships and greater commitment. - Avoiding intimacy on the other hand can lead to isolation and loneliness. 19 7. Generativity vs Stagnation (40 to 65 years old) - The stage of established career, family life or relationship and greater productivity. - Failure at this stage means inability to contribute to the next generation and so it results stagnation. 20 8. Integrity Vs Despair (65 years old until death) - As a retiree, one contemplates and looks into what was accomplished which leads to a sense of integrity. - Failure to do so leads to doubts and despair. 21 Psychosocial development 22 Theories explaining adolescent development Jean Piaget Cognitive Developmental Theory - It provides an understanding on how individuals actively construct their understanding of the world as they undergo the four stages of cognitive development. - Each of these age-related stages consists of distinct ways of thinking. 23 1. Sensorimotor Stage (birth-2 yo) - It is a period of rapid cognitive growth. In this stage infants construct an understanding of the world by coordinating sensory experiences with physical, motor actions. 2. Preoperational Stage (2-7 yo) - In this stage, young children are able to think about things symbolically. - Children begin to represent the world with words, images and drawings. Symbolic thoughts go beyond simple connections of sensory information's and physical action. 24 3. Concrete Operational Stage (7-11yo) - Piaget considered the concrete stage major turning point in child’s cognitive development because it marks the beginning of logical or operational thought. Can perform operations and logical reasoning replaces intuitive thoughts. 4. Formal Operational Stage (11-adulthood) - Children develop the ability to think about abstract concepts. Individuals move beyond concrete experiences and think in abstract and more logical terms. 25  “ Thank you 26