Phonetic Description of English Sounds PDF

The Sounds of English: a Phonetic Description The Organs of Speech For speech to occur, air must be forced up out of the lungs, up the trachea, and into the vocal tract. Speech Organs  Thevarious organs which are involved in the production of speech sounds are called speech organs. Place of...

The Sounds of English: a Phonetic Description The Organs of Speech For speech to occur, air must be forced up out of the lungs, up the trachea, and into the vocal tract. Speech Organs  Thevarious organs which are involved in the production of speech sounds are called speech organs. Place of Articulation  Placeof articulation classifies speech sounds in terms of where the shape of the vocal tract is altered during production.  Bilabial Bilabials are consonant sounds produced by using both lips together. Read this word out loud and notice how you're using both lips to pronounce the letters in bold: bump. Bilabials Bilabials are made by the articulation of the lips against each other [b], [p], [m]. Labiodental s Labiodentals are articulated by using both the lower lip and the upper front teeth: [f], [v]. Interdent als Interdentals are made by the articulation of the tongue between the teeth:[θ] and [ð]. Alveolars Alveolars are made by the articulation of the tip of the tongue towards the alveolar ridge: [t], [d], [s], [z], [n], Palato- alveolars Alveopalatals are made by the articulation of the front of the tongue towards the area between the alveolar ridge and the hard palate: [dʒ] , [z] , [ʃ] , [tʃ]. Palatals Palatals are made by the articulation of the body of the tongue towards the hard palate. [j]. Velars Velars are made by the articulation of the body of the tongue towards the velum: [k], [g],[ŋ]. Glottals Glottals are made at the glottis: [ʔ,h]. Transcribe these words and describe the manner of articulation of the first sound Now queer Prepare Back corner key shoes Sail Slow hire build lock such about game time busy camp knew piece year short Now /naʊ/ queer /kwɪər/ prepare /prɪpeər/ Back /bæk/ corner /kɔːnər/ key /kiː/ shoes /ʃuːz/ Sail /seɪl/ Slow /sləʊ/ hire /haɪər/ build /bɪld/ lock /lɒk/ such /sʌtʃ/ about /əbaʊt/ game /geɪm/ time /taɪm/ busy /bɪzɪ/ camp /kæmp/ knew /njuː/ piece /piːs/ year /jɪər/ short /ʃɔːt/ Manner of articulation  Manner of Articulation refers to the way the airflow is restricted during production. hese are consonants where air is blocked at the place of articulation toaccumulate pressure and it is then released in o Stops The airflow is completely obstructed by the lips, teeth, and/or tongue [p] [b] [t] [d] [k] [g] [ʔ] when producing them, you use your vocal apparatus to partially block the airflow at the place of articulation in such Fricatives These sounds are produced with air escaping through a small passage, thus producing friction or a "hissing" sound. Affricates  These sounds are a combination of a stop and a fricative. The sounds begin with a stop and end in a fricative.  /ʧ/ as in “chip” and /ʤ/ as in “germ.”  The distinctive feature of nasal consonants is that you let air out of your nose as you pronounce them. Nasals These sounds are similar to stops because they require a complete obstruction in the oral cavity; however, the airflow is forced into the nasal passage because the velum (soft palate in the mouth) is lowered in making a nasal sound. [m] [n] [ŋ] Liquid  As in vowels, the airflow moves through the oral cavity with little obstruction. As in some consonants, the tongue is raised towards the alveolar ridge to make the sound.  [l] [r] Semivowels  These are vowel-like sounds.  [j] [w] State of Glottis/Voicing  This refers to the position of the glottis and the vibration of the vocal chords in forming consonant sounds.  Voiced: the vocal chords vibrate when making voiced sounds. All vowels and some consonants are voiced.  Voiceless: the vocal chords do not vibrate when making voiceless sounds. Some consonants are voiceless.  Voicing voiceless voiced [p] [b] [θ] [ð] [f] [v] [t] [d] [s] [z] [ʃ] [ʒ] [ʧ] [dʒ] [k] [g] [?] [h] All nasals [m] [n] [ŋ] voiced All liquids [l] [r] voiced All semivowels [j] [w] voiced All vowels and voiced diphthongs Describe the following sounds phonetivally:  [w]  [ŋ]  [dʒ]  [t]  [b]  [r]  [ʒ]  [ð]  [v]  [z]  [ʧ]  [k]  [f]  [j]  [l]  [h]  [p]  [θ] people enter word hook date nice retire keep some Deaf rider find ship horse borrow warm child recite Save Throw vote scene people /piːpl ̩/ enter /entər/ word /wɜːd/ hook /hʊk/ date /deɪt/ nice /naɪs/ retire /rɪtaɪər/ keep /kiːp/ some /sʌm/ Deaf /def/ rider /raɪdər/ find /faɪnd/ ship /ʃɪp/ horse /hɔːs/ borrow /bɒrəʊ/ warm /wɔːm/ child /tʃaɪld/ recite /rɪsaɪt/ Save /seɪv/ Throw /θrəʊ/ vote /vəʊt/ scene /siːn/ theatre /θɪətər/ sheep /ʃiːp/ thick /θɪk/ sugar /ʃʊgər/ think /θɪŋk/ sure /ʃɔː r/ third /θɜːd/ national / thunder /θʌndər/ næʃənəl athlete /æθliːt/ / washing /ˈwɒʃɪŋ/ author /ɔːθər / fourthly /fɔːθli/ dictionar / y dɪkʃənər theatre sheep thick sugar think sure third national thunder athlete washing author dictionar fourthly y