Growth and Development PDF

OLS OMEr's LECTURES SERIES Clinical and applied anatomy neuroscience Growth AND DEVELOPMENT By Dr. omer abdelsalam mohammed musa 2024 DR.OMEr's PPT Objectives: By the end of this lecture the student should be able to - lis...

OLS OMEr's LECTURES SERIES Clinical and applied anatomy neuroscience Growth AND DEVELOPMENT By Dr. omer abdelsalam mohammed musa 2024 DR.OMEr's PPT Objectives: By the end of this lecture the student should be able to - list the stages (periods) of growth and development. - Describe the steps of NS development (Neurulation and neuralization..) - List the derivatives of the neural tube and crest. - Discuss and describe some congenital anomalies. 2 DR.OMEr's PPT  Growth and development??? 3  Brief Overview of Mature CNS 4 DR.OMEr's PPT  Neural Induction Portion of the dorsal ectoderm becomes committed (to become) the nervous system: Neural plate 5 DR.OMEr's PPT  Neurulation Changes in the * Embryo 6 DR.OMEr's PPT  Changes in the * Embryo 7 DR.OMEr's PPT  Ectoderm Neural plate Derivatives Neural groove Neural tube wall: neurons & glia of CNS Neural Neural tube cavity: tube ventricular system Neural crest: PNS White matter neurons, etc Gray matter 8 DR.OMEr's PPT  Development of the Neural Tube Brain vesicles: NB:- Rostral Forebrain 1) Tubular primary organization of Nervous system Midbrain - Rostral neural tube forms the brain - Caudal neural tube forms the spinal cord Hindbrain - 2 Columns of Neural Crests for the PNS 2) Columnar/longitudinal organization of cranial nerves Spinal cord and spinal nuclei Caudal 3) Complex C-shaped organization of cerebral cortex Cephalic and nuclei and structures located beneath cortex flexure 9 DR.OMEr's PPT  Diagrammatic sketches of the brain vesicles 1 2 (1-2 -3) teloceles 3 1 1 4 (4) diocele 5 (5) mesocele 6 (6) metacele 7 (7) myelocele …by the 5 vesicle stage, all major brain divisions are present 10 DR.OMEr's PPT 11 DR.OMEr's PPT 12 DR.OMEr's PPT  Spinal cord & brain stem have a similar developmental plan.. Nuclear organization: Columnar pattern 13 DR.OMEr's PPT  Dorsal horn Sulcus Alar plate limitans Central canal Basal plate Ventral horn Dorsal horn Central canal Ventral horn 14  Similarities between SC and Brain Stem development Sulcus limitans separates sensory and motor nuclei Nuclei have columnar shape Key differences 1) central canal enlargement motor medial and sensory lateral 2) migration away from ventricle 3) >> sensory and motor 15 DR.OMEr's PPT  Alar plate and migrating Neuroblasts Basal plate 16 DR.OMEr's PPT  Congenital malformations A/ Neural tube defects (NTDs). Cranio/ spino-rachischisis 17 DR.OMEr's PPT B/ Arnold-chiari. 18 DR.OMEr's PPT C/ Abnormal brain growth. Arrested brain growth: eg; microcephaly, lissencephaly and congenital hydrocephalus 19 DR.OMEr's PPT 20 DR.OMEr's PPT