Animal Science Terms PDF

ANIMAL SCIENCE Common terms College of Agriculture, Resources and Environmental Sciences Central Philippine University Jaro, Iloilo City  General terms Breed – a s...

ANIMAL SCIENCE Common terms College of Agriculture, Resources and Environmental Sciences Central Philippine University Jaro, Iloilo City  General terms Breed – a stock of animals within a species having a distinctive appearance and typically having been developed by deliberate selection Breeding animal– an animal caused to produce offspring typically in a controlled and organized way Dam – a female parent Flock – a grouping of a species of livestock (sheep, poultry) Herd – a group of a single species of animal (cattle, horses, swine, goats) Livestock – domestic farm animals kept for productive purposes (meat, milk, work, wool) Market animal – livestock bred and raised for food consumption Polled – a naturally hornless animal Sire – a male parent Litter – multiple offspring produced at one birth by a multi-parous mammal. Also called brood.  General terms Average liveweight – average weight (in live form) of chicken during harvest/market age. Beak – the projecting mouthpart of the chicken and turkey, consisting of upper and lower mandibles; organs of prehension. Bill – the projecting mouthpart of waterfowls, consisting of upper and lower mandibles. Breeder – general term that designates the poultry raiser who produces fowls for any special purpose with the object of improving their value or in conformity with an agreed standard of excellence, the same term can be used to mean the animals used for breeding. Breed – a race of domestic fowls which maintains distinctive characteristic shape, growth, temperament and shell colors of eggs produced. Breed is a broader term than variety. Breed includes varieties, examples: Barred, White and buff varieties of Plymouth Rock breed. Broiler – meat type chicken commonly grown up to 35-42 days and weighing 1.5-2.0 kg liveweight.  General terms Capon – caponized cockerels; usually grown up to 4 months and weigh up to 3 kg with more improved quality of meat. Castration - is the removal or inactivation of the testicles of a male animal. Comb – made of vascularized tissue growing on top of fowl’s head. This serves as an ornamental function, signs of status and condition of the male and for heat dissipation. The standard varieties of comb are single, rose, pea, V-shaped, strawberry, cushion and the buttercup; all other being the modifications of these. Crop – the receptacle in which the fowl’s food is accumulated before it passes through the gizzard. Culls – old hens that have passed their usefulness for commercial egg production. Debeaking – cutting part of the lower and upper mandibles with the use of electrically controlled cauterizing blade having the temperature of 815°C to destroy the tissue responsible to generate beak growth. This is done to prevent cannibalism.  General terms Dubbing – cutting of the comb, wattle or earlobes so as to leave the head smooth. Hatching – the process where the fully-developed embryo (chick) breaks out of the egg. Hatchery – a place where the facilities and process of incubation and hatching are done. Harvest Recovery – the number or volume of chicken sold/marked based on the number of day-old chicks raised. Incubation – period (in days) where embryonic development takes place out of the body of the hen. Primaries – the longest feather of the wing, growing between the pinions and secondaries, hidden when the wing is folded, otherwise known as flight feathers. Quill – the hollow, horny basal part of stem of a feather. Secondaries – long, large quill feathers that grow between the first and second joints of the wing nearest to the body, these are visible when the wing is folded.  General terms Strain – family of any variety of poultry that possesses and reproduces with mark regularity, common individual characteristics which distinguish it from the families of the same variety. Variety – a subdivision of a breed, a term used to distinguish fowls having a standard shape and other characteristics of the breed to which they belong but differing in colors of plumage, shape of combs, etc. from other groups of the same breed. Wattle – the pendant growth at the sides and base of the beak. Web of feet – the flat skin beside the toes. Web – (web of feather) the flat portion of a feather, made up of a series of barbs on either side of the shaft. Web of wings – the triangular skin attaching the three joints of the wings, visible when the wing is extended.  FARM ANIMALS Poultry - a collective term for all domestic birds rendering economic service to man. example: Chicken, Duck, Turkey, Quail, Goose  Chicken Gallus gallus domesticus Chick - young chicken while in down stage Hen -an adult female chicken Pullet - a female fowl less than Rooster one year old - an adult male chicken Cockerel - a male fowl less than one year  Poultry Mallard duck Turkey Anas platyrhnchos Meleagris gallopavo Muscovy duck Pigeon Cairina moschata Columba livia Goose Quail Anser domesticus Coturnix coturnix Guinea fowl Numida meleagris  Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus Genus: Oryctolagus Species: cuniculus Kit- young rabbit Buck - mature male Doe - mature female Group: Colony, Nest, Herd  Goat (browser) Capra hircus Genus: Capra Species: hircus Kid - young goat below one year old Billy or buck - male goat of any age Doe - female goat of any age Wether - castrated male goat before developement of its secondary sex characteristics Group - herd or tribe  Sheep (grazers) Ovis aries Genus: Ovis Species: aries Shearling - yearling sheep with two teeth Lamb - young sheep below one year old Ewe - female sheep of any age Wether - male sheep castrated while young, preferably between 1 and 3 weeks of age Ram - male sheep of any age for breeding purposes Group: Flock European Cattle ( no humps) Indian Cattle (with humps Bos taurus Bos indicus Calf - young male under one year of age Bullock - usually a stag for draft purposes Heifer - young female under three years of age, one that has not yet given birth Steer - castrated before sexual maturity Bull - male breeding of any age Cow - mature female, one that has already given birth Group: Herd  Buffalo Bubalus bubalis Genus: Bubalus Species: bubalis Carabull -mature male carabao Caracow - mature female carabao, one that has already given birth Caraheifer - young female carabao under three years of age, one that has not yet given birth  Horse Equus caballus Genus:Equus Stallion - mature male horse Species: caballus Mare - mature female horse Broodmare - a female horse used Foal - young horse below for breeding purposes one year of age Studhorse - a stallion used for Colt - young male horse, breeding purposes usually up to three years of Dry mare - one which has not age produced any young during the breeding season Filly - young female horse, Group: Herd usually up to three years of age Gelding - horse which was castrated while young  Swine Sus scrofa Boar - male pig of any age Genus: Sus Sow - mature female pig, one that Species: scrofa given birth Shote - young pig weighing Stag - a male pig castrated after sexual maturity approximately 60 kg Suckling - young pigs from birth up to Gilt - young female pig under weaning the one year of age, usually Weanling - young pigs separated from one that has not yet given birth sow, about 5 weeks old Group: Herd, Drove, Mob Barrow - male pig which was Or “Sounder of hogs” castrated while young; a pig that was castrated before the secondary sex characteristics have developed