Lecture 2 - Pharmacy Department, Basrah University College of Science and Technology - PDF

Basrah University College of Science and Technology Pharmacy Department First Year Lecture 2 Open documents batTo gFo epopoTcogo,pnemTc doapo po oT co oToo.gc,onoppoTo oTc o oTco ,agtpao FpO ooTnaano oTo aatTo cgmTo gc,o aatTo tpng apcdo gc,o o ,...

Basrah University College of Science and Technology Pharmacy Department First Year Lecture 2 Open documents batTo gFo epopoTcogo,pnemTc doapo po oT co oToo.gc,onoppoTo oTc o oTco ,agtpao FpO ooTnaano oTo aatTo cgmTo gc,o aatTo tpng apcdo gc,o o , ontancthe Open:sooaco oToapttp acao poaaae Too.npmmgc,o........................................................................................................................ Arrows You can use arrows to show the conversion of reactants into products in chemical equations. You can control the length and angles of the arrow as well as the width and shape of the arrowhead. You can also drag an arrow from its waist to create an arc of any length you wish. When you hover over an arrow with the Lasso, Marquee, or Arrow tool selected, arrow adjustment handles appear.Drag the adjustment handles to change the length, angle, or shape of the arrow. woTmm g o seahh eaaeheher teerht o o pia,To, wpta,o g p head, dpttp ooTg,, and o.scatT,ooTg, 2 ntanco pco oTo g p o gc,o-epo nogcaTo oTo oogoTo pao oTo g p do aao.oogoToa pmo oTotao opaopo apcoonoppoTo oT To draw an arrow : 1- o e Tooo oTArrows pptoaco oTo, g acao pptFg onpc acepeotnogc,o o. oTcoapo po oTo,Toa T,og p o noTogooaco oToaaae T 3 2- m gao oTo, g acaog Tgo po, g o oTog p oFno noTogc,omT op,o.pao, gaaaca You can now control all the details of the arrow such as its length, angle and rotation. You can also reverse the direction of the arrow (unadjusted or only the arrow whose length has changed) by clicking on it. You can also undo all changes made to the arrow except the change in length. Click the arrow with the same arrow tool to undo. Types of shares ChemDraw offers a variety of bow types and arrow types, the main ones are: 4  caA *arrows: There are two ways to create a curved arrow: 1- Click and drag the arc mid-adjustment handle for a straight arrow. 2- wTtTn o go ne iT,o g p o a pmo oTo s p o ppto a pmo oTo , g acao : pptFpO.osooaco oToaaae T * Hollow arrows: o.hpeongco p g To oToopttp og p odonogcaTo oTa otTca oogc,o a, o n Tg To ne iT,o opttp o g p odoo hpeo ngco gtopo g,seo o oTo gcatTo gc,.seo otacTo a oo Taetg og p o * Equilibrium arrows: bp o FgtgcnT,o g p odo nogcaacao oTo tTca oo nogcaToo Fp oo g p oo o pop apcgttnao nogcaacao oTo oogoTo pao oTo g p oTg,o gtopo.nogcaToo oTog p oTg,ooonmmT angttn 5  To change the length of one arrow, hold down the ALT key on your keyboard. Two new adjustment handles appear, drag the arrow handle to change its length independently of the other. Connecting Stocks You can connect a new arrow to an existing arrow at either end or at the midpoint.For example, to draw a new arrow starting from the midpoint of an existing arrow: 1. Choose the new arrow from the Arrows tool in the drawing toolbox. 2. Place the cursor over the midpoint of the existing arrow and hold down the SHIFT key. Adjustment handle The adjustment handle will change to a small shaded rectangle and the cursor will change to the "+" symbol. 3. While holding the SHIFT key, draw the new arrow starting from the middle of the current arrow. Pen tools Pen tools are useful for drawing curves and handmade shapes. To draw a curve, do one of the following:  o wTtTn o oTo we iTo m g acao ppto a pmo oTPen tools panel pco oTo aco oTo apttp acao aaae T.o eoTco ntanco gc,o , gaoo , g acao pptFg do go.e oToopac T ogn pooo oTo, g acao ac,p oe p cog Tg 6  Go to the View tab, choose the Other Toolbars, then the Pen Tools command. To cp anTo oTo gooTg gcnTo pao go omgtto pptFg o npc gacacao oTco we iTom g acao pptdontancogc,o, gao oToopac T oo ppto.oowTtTn o oT.gn pooo oTo, g acao ac,p 7 8 Editing curves You can edit a curve by selecting and manipulating it with the Edit Curve tool. To select an existing curve to edit: wTtTn o.1 o oToeTcTools Edit Curve. pptopco oTo, g acao pptFg o eoTone iTo attoFTooTtTn T,ogc,o oToo.wtanco pooTtTn o oTone iTo.2 :g,seo mTc oogc,tToo attogooTg ogtpcao oTone iTogoooop coFTtp 9 3. The cursor will appear in the form of a hand with a "+" sign inside.However, when the cursor is placed exactly above the points on the curve, the "+" symbol disappears and the cursor appears in the form of a hand. oToofeg Toogc,tToo poacn TgoTop o,Tn TgoTo oTotTca oopao oToo.4 To oToTc,opac oopao oTo Tc,otacToo oo.ne iTop onogcaToa ooopoa apc ponogcaTo oTo,a Tn apcopao oTone iT.:sooaco oToapttp acaoaaae To 10 ‫‪epo npciT o oTo ne iTo po gco g p do ntanco pco a o a oo oTo tTa o mpeoTo‬‬ ‫‪:Fe pcogc,o oTconoppoTopcTopao oTonpmmgc,o‬‬ ‫المنحني بداية في كامل سهم رأس‬ ‫المنحني نهاية في كامل سهم رأس‬ ‫نصف سهم رأس‬ ‫ي‬ ‫المنحني بداية يسار في‬ ‫نصف سهم رأس‬ ‫ي‬ ‫المنحني بداية يميي في‬ ‫نصف سهم رأس‬ ‫ي‬ ‫المنحني نهاية يسار في‬ ‫نصف سهم رأس‬ ‫ي‬ ‫المنحني نهاية يميي في‬ ‫‪11‬‬  Orbitals To draw a specific orbit we follow these steps: 1- oe Tooogc,oopt,o oTotTa ompeoToFe pcopiT oo oT(Orbitals) tool a pmo oTo, g acao pptFpOogc,o, gao pooTtTn o oTo,Toa T,op Fa o pptoa pmo : oToogcTtogooaco oToaaae T 2- wtanco oTo , g acao g Tgo po , g o oTo oTtTn T,o p Fa.o rp o npeo ngco.nogcaToa oonptp dooasTdogc,op aTc g apcooTtTn o oToa Tmogc, 12  (Drawing elements) ChemDraw provides us with simple basic drawing elements such as circles and rectangles. To draw a specific element we follow these steps: 1- o e Tooo gc,o opt,o oTo tTa o mpeoTo Fe pco piT o o oTDrawing elements tool a pmo oTo, g acao pptFpOogc,o, gao pooTtTn o oTo,Toa T,ooogoTo : pptoa pmo oToogac acaogooaco oToaaae T 2-.ntanco oTo, g acaog Tgo po, g o oTooTtTn T,ooogoT-mpeFtT 13  (Brackets) It includes curly brackets {} , rectangular [], and crescent (). Braces are commonly used to illustrate polymers.. To draw arcs in ChemDraw we follow these steps: wTtTn o oTos no pptoa pmo oToc gncT ooogcTtoec,T o oTo, g acaoo.1. pptFg 2. Point to the drawing area where you want to corner the arc. m gao,agapcgttnoa pmopcTonp cT opao oTog no po oTopoopoa Tonp cT o poo.3., g o oTonopoTcog ndonpeongcocp ooTtTn oa ogc,onogcaToa ooo poT aTo 14  Tables To create a table: : pptopco oTo, g acao pptFg dogooaco oToaaae TowTtTn o oToegFtTo.1 2. Then do one of the following:  Click and drag in the drawing window to create the table. The table has two rows and two columns.  enoTo oTocemFT opao p oogc,oo.wtancoaco oTo, g acao ac,p "onptemcooaco oTInsert Table"ogc,ontanco,,agtpaoFpOoo"OK." 15 After adding a table, you can adjust its borders and color it to look the way you want. To customize and adjust table borders:. a oo oToegFtTo pptooTtTn T,do aao ontancopcopcTopao oToFp ,T oo.1 2. Click "Borders" in the options menu. 16.eoToegFtTocp ,T oo,agtpaoFpOogooTg oo.3 3. Under " Setting", you can specify the border settings. 4. Under "Style", select the style, color, and width of the border to apply. 5. For a custom border, specify the desired borders in the table diagram. 6. Click "OK". oegFtTorp T:oeoTtool includes npmmgc,oo pogtaaconTttonpc Tc oaonpc gacdo coaTcT gtdo ponogcaTo oTo gFtTdooo.g,,op o,TtT TonTttoogc,ontTg onTtto oepog,,op o,TtT Togo p op o.ntancopco oTo aao op oFp pmoFp ,T - aao.ntancopco oTotTa op o pooFp ,T -nptemcdo aao 17  ‫الحالي العمود قبل عمود اضافة‬ ‫الحالي العمود بعد عمود اضافة‬ ‫المحدد العمود حذف‬ Create a table using the Text tool: owoTmm g allows you o pon Tg To TO o gFtTooeoacao oToeTO o pptogc,the TAB.cTno To create the first row and create table columns: 1. Using the Text tool, click in the drawing window where you want the table to start. 2. Type a caption. 3. Press the TAB button on your keyboard. The second text box appears. 4. Type a second caption. Then press TAB again to create a third column, and so on. 18 5. To start a new row that aligns with the first, press TAB twice at the end of the row. Then complete the data of the second row as in the first row. Chains You can draw hydrocarbon chains using the Chain toolkit. The Acyclic Chain tool is used to draw straight (non-acyclic) hydrocarbon chains and the Snaking Chain tool is used to draw twisted hydrocarbon chains. To add a string we follow these steps: sooaco oToo.wTtTn o oTo,Toa T,ooT aToo pptoa pmo oTo, g acao pptFpOo.1 :aaae T 2. Click and drag in the drawing window in the direction you want the series to zoom in. eoTocemFT og o oToTc,opao oTooT aToo,e acao oTo, g acaoac,ang Too oTo o.ogiTo, g cocemFT opaog pmoonpe 19 Note: To change the orientation while drawing, use the Snaking chain tool, or press the CTRL key while selecting the Acyclic Chain tool while drawing in the direction you want. The second lecture is over 20