PR2 Reviewer Methodology PDF

PR2 Reviewer 3. Research Statements - questions to be answered by the respondents Methodology – focuses on the description of the overall methods of research...

PR2 Reviewer 3. Research Statements - questions to be answered by the respondents Methodology – focuses on the description of the overall methods of research 4. Rating Scales - the numerical scales that indicate the answers of the respondents on the research questions Research Design – types of research to be done 5. Description - the interpretative idea of the rating Sample– representing the research respondents scale that indicates a state of familiarity on the research Sampling Procedures – ways of determining samples statement Probability Sampling refers to the sampling in which all 6. Demographic Profile - the information of the members of the population are given chance of being respondents selected to be a sample. Statistical Analysis– description of the appropriate statistical treatment to be used in analyzing the -Simple random sampling quantitative research -Systematic random sampling Respondent – the group of people who will give a -Stratified random sampling relevant response or answer -Cluster sampling Procedure – systematic way of collecting and gathering primary data/ data collection process Non-Probability Sampling refers to the sampling in which not all members of the population are given Likert Scale - common scaling technique which consists chance of being selected to be a sample. of several declarative statements that express their response on a topic. -Purposive Sampling PROCEDURE/DATA GATHERING -Convenience Sampling 1. Interview Method -Snowball Sampling 2. Survey/ Questionnaire Method Instrumentation- process of structuring a research 3. Document Method Instrument 4. Observation Method 5. Experimental Method Instrument – research tool used to gather a response for inquiries for quantitative research. Data – any important details or codes that are being acquired in order to produce necessary information. 3 common research instruments Statistics is the branch of science that deals on the 1. Questionnaire presentation and analysis of data. 2. Interview Questions 3. Assessment - a set of examination that Types of Statistical Treatment: measures competency based on a particular Weighted mean - average of the general responses for academic discipline each statement in the questionnaire. Parts of a Research Questionnaire 1. Parametric z – test - measures the degree of the 1. Consent Letter - describes the document that informs effects of an independent variable to the dependent the respondents about the research. It also asks variable permission to the respondents on participating to the p-value (computed value)- result in every computation research study. It also establishes that all information for statistical analysis given by the respondents are also used for the research purposes. If p- value is < (less than) level of significance, then reject H0. 2. Directions – provide a clear instruction to the respondents on answering the questionnaire  If p- value is > (greater than) level of significance, then be in a form of histogram, polygon method and/or circle fail to reject H0. (circular graph) 2. Linear Regression Analysis – measures the correlation or association of two variables based on a 5 – highest value in a Likert scale graphical representation 0.05 – level of significance 3. Pearson – r - measures the correlation or association of two variables 4. Spearman – rho – measures the correlation between the value ranking of two variables If p- value is < (less than) level of significance, then 5. Theoretical Tests (Independent and Dependent) - reject H0. measures the differences between values of two groups/pre – tests and post-tests in accordance to If p- value is > (greater than) level of significance, then evaluating a program fail to reject H0. 6. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) - measures the differences among three or more variables, usually used in an Experimental type of research 7. Chi – Square – measures the differences between the indicated nominal and ordinal data and values. 8. Factor Analysis – measures the correlated factors that are associated in research Validation - the careful checking and revision of the research instrument  Validity – is the extent to which an instrument measures accordingly. refers to the appropriateness of the instrument on the research goals and research protocol  Reliability – refers to the consistency of data results based on the structure and validity of research instrument Validation Letter - A document that indicates that all research statements are checked and validated. FREQUENCY – no. of responses in each scale Data Presentation – data will be presented using the following: a. Tables – any representation using rows and columns to show set of values. b. Graphs – any representation using figures that shows trends, distribution and frequency range. It can