2ND QA Reviewer Oral Communication PDF

define speech context identify the different types of speech context reflect on your learning on the different types of speech context Speech is essential to our human being. It affects who we are and how we develop as individuals, how we learn and communicate what we know, and how we interact wit...

define speech context identify the different types of speech context reflect on your learning on the different types of speech context Speech is essential to our human being. It affects who we are and how we develop as individuals, how we learn and communicate what we know, and how we interact with others in the world. Speech does not take place in a vacuum but is always contextualized. This means that when we speak, there is always a reason which includes the purpose, audience, and the situation or event. It is the environment in which the speech takes place. It can be classified into intrapersonal or interpersonal. It means communicating with oneself. It centers in one person where the speaker acts both as the speaker and the receiver of the message. ▪ Self-Talk (e.g. offering yourself motivation or encouragement) ▪ Memorization ▪ Self-reflection ▪ Writing in a diary or on a private blog ▪ Daydreaming, meditating, or mental planning It involves more than one person. This refers to communication between and among people and establishes personal relationship between and among them. 1. Dyadic Communication 2. Small Group 3. Public Communication 4. Mass Communication 5. Organizational Communication 6. Intercultural Communication It is a form of an interaction or a conversation between two people. It can be categorized as formal (structured settings) or informal (casual contexts). 1. Chatting with a friend 2. Consultation with the guidance counselor 3. Teacher-Student conference 4. One-on-one interview with the HR Manager 5. Phone call with a family member It is a type of communication that occurs when three or more people gather to discuss, share ideas, or solve problems together. ▪ Study Group ▪ Work Project Team ▪ Book Club ▪ Support Group ▪ Community Planning Committee It is when a person speaks to a large audience to share information, ideas, or messages. This type of communication often aims to inform, persuade, or entertain a group of people. ▪ A politician delivering a speech to a crowd ▪ A teacher lecturing to a class ▪ TED Talks ▪ Community Meetings ▪ Product Launch Events It is the process of delivering information, ideas, or messages to a large audience through various media channels (e.g. television, radio, newspapers, magazines, and digital platforms). ▪ News broadcasts on television or radio ▪ Online articles and blogs ▪ Social media campaigns ▪ Advertisements ▪ Email newsletters It refers to the flow of information, messages, and ideas within an organization. Formal Organizational Communication – often documented and follows established hierarchies and channels within the organization Informal Organization Communication – more casual and can flow freely across all levels and departments, regardless of the organizational hierarchy ▪ Official emails, memos, and reports ▪ Meetings, presentations, training sessions ▪ Company policies, procedures, and job descriptions ▪ Mentorship discussions ▪ Peer Feedback It refers to the exchange of information and ideas between individuals or groups from different cultural backgrounds. ▪ International business meetings ▪ Tourists interacting with locals in different countries ▪ Students from various cultural backgrounds learning together ▪ Employees from diverse cultural backgrounds communicating in a shared language (like English) Learning Objectives At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to: ▪ distinguish the types of speech style; ▪ identify social situations in which each speech style is appropriate to use; and ▪ observe the appropriate language forms in using a particular speech style. Introduction The context dictates and affects the way people communicate, which results in various speech styles. Each style dictates what appropriate language or vocabulary should be used or observed. Speech Style It refers primarily to the manner one communicates than the meaning of communication. 1. Intimate Style This style is private, which occurs between or among close family members or intimate individuals. The language used in this style may not be shared in public. Examples: Terms of endearment such as Love, Hon, Dear, Mahal, Sweetheart, Sweetie, Mom, Dad, etc. In here, the communicators are very much close with each other that the level of affection is high. 2. Casual Style This style is used among friends and acquaintances. The use of slang is common, and interruptions often occur. It is used in relaxed or informal conversations between participants who share a common knowledge or interest. Thus, the participants may use group language, so only members of the group understand it. Examples: Simple greetings to those you know well such as: 1. “Hey, dude!” 2. “What’s up?” 3. “How’s it going?” Slangs 1. “Come on, spill the tea!” 2. “That’s so dope!” 3. “He’s so extra!” 4. “Girl, you slay.” 5. “OMG! Did you just ghost him?” 3. Consultative Style This style is used precisely among people who do not share common experiences or meaning. Professional or mutually accepted language is a must in this style. Examples of situations are communication between teachers and students, employers and employees, doctor and patient, judge and lawyer, client and counselor. 4. Formal Style It is used for imparting information. The speech is well-organized and correct in grammar and diction. Technical vocabulary and exact definition are important in the Formal Style such as in presentations. Straightforward and direct, with no circumlocution, this style does not allow interruptions. Examples: ▪ Sermons by priests and ministers ▪ State of the Nation Address of the President ▪ Formal speeches ▪ Official meetings ▪ Pronouncements by judges 5. Frozen Style It is a formal style whose quality is static, ritualistic, and may even be archaic. This style uses language that is “frozen” in time and remains unchanged. It is usually used in a very respectful occasion or formal ceremony. Examples: ▪ Pledge of Allegiance or Panatang Makabayan ▪ Liturgical prayers like “Our Father” ▪ Preamble ▪ Oath of Office ▪ Miranda rights  Summary of the Lesson Speech Style Definition Intimate Private, close family members, language may not be shared to the public Casual Peers and friends, jargon, slang, street language, gay language, and vulgar words Consultative Less formal Standard English is used Formal Formal settings, Standard English, one-way Frozen Remains unchanged Lesson 7 Types of Speech Act  Learning Objectives Distinguish the Determine the Respond different types intended meaning of appropriately of speech act a speaker in his/her and effectively utterance to a speech act  Introduction The use of language or words is to transmit messages, ideas, or opinions. However, speech extends beyond the precise words spoken. Each time you speak, you are doing an action; that is, you are performing. In communication, we call this a speech act. Locutionary Act is the actual act of utterance. Locution – word or sentence that has meaning and structure. Examples: No. Please do the dishes. Illocutionary Act refers to the speaker’s intention in saying something. An example of intention could be any of the following: - Statement - Prediction - Promise - Decision - Confirmation - Rejection - Advice - Permission - Denial - Request - Order  Examples: No. (rejection/denial) Please do the dishes. (request) Perlocutionary Act is the resulting act or effect of what is said. The effect could be any of the following: Inspire or insult Persuade or convince Discourage or scare Examples: “Please do the dishes,” would lead to/convince the addressee in washing the dishes. “No” would either discourage or scare the addressee.  Locutionary Act is the actual act of utterance. 01 Example: Please do the dishes. Illocutionary Act refers to the speaker’s intention in saying something. 02 Example: By uttering the locution “Please do the dishes,” the speaker requests the addressee to wash the dishes. Perlocutionary Act is the resulting act or effect of what is said. 03 Example: Saying “Please do the dishes,” would lead to the addressee washing the dishes. Example #2: ▪ Locutionary Act “I think you should see a doctor.” ▪ Illocutionary Act __________________________________ ▪ Perlocutionary Act You will make an appointment with the doctor. Example #2: ▪ Locutionary Act “I think you should see a doctor.” ▪ Illocutionary Act The speaker is suggesting that you should see a doctor. ▪ Perlocutionary Act You will make an appointment with the doctor. Example #3: ▪ Locutionary Act “I promise that it will not happen again.” ▪ Illocutionary Act The speaker is making a promise. ▪ Perlocutionary Act ____________________________________ Example #3: ▪ Locutionary Act “I promise that it will not happen again.” ▪ Illocutionary Act The speaker is making a promise. ▪ Perlocutionary Act You will believe that the speaker will not do the same thing again. Example #4: ▪ Locutionary Act “I am hungry.” ▪ Illocutionary Act _________________________________ ▪ Perlocutionary Act _________________________________ Example #4: ▪ Locutionary Act “I am hungry.” ▪ Illocutionary Act The speaker is expressing hunger. ▪ Perlocutionary Act You will offer some snacks or buy some food.  “To effectively communicate, we must realize that we are all different in the way we perceive the world and use this understanding as a guide to our communication with others.” -Tony Robbins ▪ Determine the different types of speech according to its: ▪ Purpose ▪ Delivery ▪ Reflect on your learning on the different types of speech  Informative A speech of this nature is meant to help the listeners understand a topic in a more in-depth manner. It helps them understand something that is unknown to them or already known to them but not yet clearly understood.  Examples 1. College professor lecturing on a specific topic during a class. 2. A marketing assistant explaining the facilities of the school while giving campus tour to a group of senior high school students. 3. Company president presenting information about last quarter's sales to the board members during online conference. 4. A priest teaching the seminarians about the meaning behind Holy Communion of the Catholic Church. 5. Doctor discussing to interns various ways to avoid heart disease in a seminar  Demonstrative This has many similarities to an informative speech, but it also teaches you to do or perform something. Speakers or demonstrators deliver their respective speeches while demonstrating or performing the process such as a cooking demonstration which instructs the audience on how to do something step- by-step.  Examples How to make a How to tie a How to write a dalgona coffee necktie resume  Persuasive This aims to persuade or convince people to change the way they think or do something, or to start doing something that they are not currently doing. Examples include political speeches and talks on becoming an organ donor or improving your health through better eating.  Examples 1. Martin Luther King Jr.’s - I Have A Dream 2. Sam Bern’s Ted Talk - My philosophy for a happy life 3. Emma Watson’s – Unstoppable current of the feminist movement  Entertainment As the name suggests, an entertainment speech simply intends to entertain and amuse the audience. It is about anything of interest suitable to the context of the situation that will make the audience smile or feel lighthearted after the speech. Some examples include the speech during a program intermission or the toastmaster’s speech at a party.  Examples 1. Speech of host during events 2. Award acceptance speech 3. Farewell speech 4. Tribute speech  Reading from a Manuscript This is when the speaker gives a speech before an audience by reading a fully written out speech. Before delivering the speech, the speaker prepares the manuscript that he/she has to present, and it requires the speaker to read every word in it.  Examples 1. Television newscasting 2. Legal proceedings and reading of verdicts in court 3. Reading the rules and criteria in a contest  Memorized Speech This is where the speech is fully memorized— every word, every phrase, every comma, and every period. For example, in oratorical contests, it require the contestants to memorize their speeches thoroughly.  Impromptu Speech This is delivered on short notice with little or no preparation. It depends solely on your ability to speak in an instant where the speech is not written out nor rehearsed.  Extemporaneous Speech This speech allows the speaker to prepare his/her thoughts and mode of delivery. The speaker may be guided by note cards or short outlines written on a small sheet of paper that will tell you where to go next. An example of this type is a speaker hosting an event. ▪ Informative Summary ▪ Demonstrative ▪ Persuasive ▪ Entertaining ▪ Manuscript ▪ Memorized Speech ▪ Impromptu Speech ▪ Extemporaneous Speech  aa 10 Lesson Principles of Speech Delivery  Learning Objectives Determine the principles of effective speech delivery Use the principles of effective speech delivery focusing on articulation, modulation, stage presence, facial expression, gestures and movements, and rapport with the audience Practice speech delivery  Learning Objectives Determine the principles of effective speech delivery Use the principles of effective speech delivery focusing on articulation, modulation, stage presence, facial expression, gestures and movements, and rapport with the audience Practice speech delivery 1. Articulation It is the correct way of saying or pronouncing a word. A speaker should speak with clear diction to effectively transmit the message. Exercise: Let’s Do the Twist! Tongue twisters are a good way to practice clear articulation. Start slowly and build up speed. Try to repeat each line five times. The four fur shirts were too short for the walk to work so they threw their teeth through the thousandth threshold while great Greek grape growers grow great Greek grapes but how much wood would a woodchuck chuck if a woodchuck could chuck wood?  2. Modulation Modulation is changing the tone, pitch, and volume of your voice. Exercise: In the Mood to Modulate Perform the following speech exercises to help you achieve voice variety in your speech delivery. Count and steadily increase the loudness 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Count and steadily decrease the loudness 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Exercise: In the Mood to Modulate Perform the following speech exercises to help you achieve voice variety in your speech delivery. Count and increase the loudness on every second no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 she SELLS sea SHELLS by THE sea SHORE Count and increase the loudness on every third no. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 peter piper PICK a peck OF pickled pepper 3. Stage Presence It is the ability to “own” the stage or the way the speaker can fill the space and project his/her personality to the audience. The audience can assess your confidence and authority through your poise and posture. Take note! The opposite of stage presence is stage fright, which is considered by many as the topmost fear in the world of public speaking. No one is immune from stage fright. Other people just manage it better and create what we see as stage presence. Exercise: Show ‘em what you got! Explain in front of the class as to why they should not fear public speaking. Make sure to be confident to convince them. 4. Facial Expressions, Gestures, and Movement The message of any speech is reinforced, clarified, and complemented by nonverbal communication. Remember: Facial expressions should change with the content of the speech. Gestures should emphasize only certain points. Movement should allow the speaker to carry the speech around, forward, and to the audience. It should also direct the audience to follow the speaker and keep them hanging on to his/her every word. Exercise: Wednesday Mode Express the following feelings using the appropriate facial expressions, gestures, and movements that suit each one. #HappyWednesday You received a new pair of shoes for your birthday. #AngryWednesday Your sibling broke your most treasured item. #AnxiousWednesday You arrived at your friend’s party but he/she is nowhere to be found. #JealousWednesday You saw your crush talking to someone affectionately. 5. Audience Rapport Rapport means affinity, bond, empathy, a close or harmonious relationship where people understand each other’s ideas, feelings, and they can relate well with one another. In public speaking, this relationship can be achieved when a common understanding between the speaker and the audience is established.  Why is it important? Through audience analysis, one can write a speech that would appeal to the audience. Also, you will know how to deliver the message to the audience and connect with them at a deeper level. “All the great speakers were bad speakers at first.” -Ralph Waldo Emerson GOOD LUCK ON YOUR EXAMS!