Personality Disorders PDF

Personality Disorders What is personality? What is a trait? Flexible vs. Inflexible? Healthy vs. Unhealthy Coping? Relationship challenges? The Extremes of the Continuum We can all relate to some or most traits  does you...

Personality Disorders What is personality? What is a trait? Flexible vs. Inflexible? Healthy vs. Unhealthy Coping? Relationship challenges? The Extremes of the Continuum We can all relate to some or most traits  does your persona lity come Genes o Temperament from? Environment o Childhood o Family  Temperament and Personality How stable is early temperament? −Positive emotionality −Negative emotionality  The Range of Human Personality The Best – Big 5 Conscientiousness – Big 5 Agreeableness The Worst – Psychopathy – Lacking Conscience – PERSONALITY is our unique way of thinking, feeling and behaving across time and place – Personality disorders refer to an EXTREME way of thinking, feeling and behaving.  Personality Disorders Personality Disorders o A class of disorders marked by extreme, inflexible personality traits that deviate markedly from the individual's cultural norms and expectations and cause subjective distress or impaired social and occupational functioning think and behave in ways that cause distress 7 he Extreme Personality Disorder Clusters (10) also Personalit y Disorders under Study o Disorder? when personality characteristics  interfere with relationships with others  cause the person distress  or in general disrupt Paranoid Personality Disorder Extreme suspicion (think others malicious, deceptive or threatening) Mistrustful of others without justification Behavior (based on mistaken assumption about others) Argumentative, Complaining, Quiet, Hostile, Suicidal Schizoid Personality Disorder – Detached from social relationships – AND no desire for them (inc. fam) – No desire to enjoy closeness with others, cold, aloof (solitary acts)  Low dopamine Cause? – Anhedonia; maybe asexual UNKNOWN – Cannot pick up social cues childhood shyness​ – Shows emotional coldness, abuse​ detachment, flat affect neglect​ low-density Schizotypal Personality Disorder – Both a personality disorder and schizophrenia spectrum disorder – 1/3 go on to develop schizophrenia – Social deficits, psychotic-like symptoms – cognitive impairments/paranoia/perceptual distortions – Pervasive pattern of interpersonal deficits (somewhat detached)  Acute discomfort with and reduced capacity for close relationships – “Magical thinking” / flat emotions / ideas of reference – ECCENTRIC behaviors – unusual beliefs/speech/behavior/perceptual experiences – Hypersensitive to criticism as children (social Avoidant Personality Disorder avoid social relationships but want them (Millon) extremely low self-esteem fear rejection sensitive to the opinions of others so they reject the attention they crave interpersonally anxious pessimistic about their future  Dependent Personality Disorder Interpersonally dependent, anxious Submissive, timid, & passive Feel inadequate, sensitive to criticism, need reassurance Cling to relationships Obsessive-Compulsive Personality Disorder Rigidity, poor interpersonal relationships, quest for perfectionism Cluster B Disorders Borderline Antisocial Narcissistic Histrionic Sometimes known as "wild" cluster due to emotional instability All 4 tend to show IMPULSIVE behavior  Antisocial Personality Disorder "They perform actions most of us would find unacceptable, such as stealing from friends and family. They also tend to be irresponsible, impulsive, and deceitful" Copyright © 2018 by Nelson Education Ltd. 16  Breaking rules Aggression Criminal Beh 60% have problematic use of substances  What About Psychopathy? Distinguishing feature? Lacking a conscience Psychopath 80% of criminals APD Overestimate (but 50-80% is one estimate) Text says 44% of male inmates CSC APD o 54% Atlantic Region (64% Pacific) 20% of those APD = psychopathi c Plus many psychopaths in general pop 15-25% Canadian ulation prisoners high on PCL-R  APD is NOT Psychopathy Psychopathy is NOT APD No Conscience Borderline Personality Disorder Comorbidity? Case of Claire Depression unstable relationships Bipolar II Bulimia (25%) unstable moods Anorexia (20%) abandonment Substance Use Spousal abuse self-mutilation (cutting) impulsivity (drug abuse) unstable behavior poor self-image emptiness "zero" identity unstable sense of self suicide risk (10% mortality) (related to mood) Lifespan Issues Improvements often seen with age (as with antisocial) on Dutton Research UBC link between borderline personality disorder and intimate partner violence Large peer-reviewed in men (e.g., Dutton, surveys have 2002, 2007) repeatedly found, he said, “the most argued it's b/c common form of o set excessively high domestic violence, 50 per cent, is bilateral, standards for others matched for severity o blame their partners when by each party (male and female).” things go wrong Douglas Todd: B.C. ’s domestic-violence programs work on 'false' the ory | Vancouver Sun Gender Myths Domestic Violence Most common form of domestic violence 50% bilateral, matched for severity by each party (male and female) Second most common 35% women against non-violent men Third 15% male violence against females  Diagnostic Criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder A pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity - Abandonment - Relationships: Unstable, Intense, Idealization, Devaluation - Unstable Identity - Impulsivity (e.g., money, sex, substances, driving, binge eating) - Suicidal behavior, gestures, or threats, or self- mutilating behavior - Affective instability (e.g., episodic dysphoria, irritability, or anxiety usually lasting a few hours and only rarely more than a few days). - Chronic feelings of emptiness. - Inappropriate anger (e.g., frequent temper, constant Histrionic Personality Disorder Dramatic, theatrical, self- centred, vain, seek constant reassurance, impulsive, extravagant, seductive – View situations in global, black- and-white terms – Speech is often vague, lacking in detail Higher in women: may be overdiagnosed – Western “stereotypical female”; overdramatic, vain, seductive, overconcerned with physical NPD https://youtu.be/EsULySyC4xE Narcissism personality disorder involving a pervasive pattern of grandiosity in fantasy or behavior, need for admiration, and lack of empathy. – Often entitlement, superficiality, arrogance, tendency toward rage, tendency to manipulate or exploit others Causes Failure of empathetic “mirroring” from parents Fixated at self- centred, grandiose Narcissus spent days stage of admiring his own image developme Narcissistic Personality Disorder Increasing in frequency – why? Think they deserve special treatment "I'm different" Unreasonable sense of self-importance, grandiosity Lack compassion for others, envious, arrogant Frequently depressed (insecurity/emptiness) – Eeyore from Winnie the Pooh (covert/vulnerable type) – Hypersensitive to criticism (the world doesn't "get" them) – Seem really sad; victim stance; the world owes me  Dr. Ramani Communal, Covert, Charming, Malignant