Exam #3 Review Ch. 9, 13, & 14 Review PDF
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This document is a review of chapters 9, 13, and 14 in a microbiology course. It covers topics such as bacterial growth, sterilization methods, and antibiotic resistance. The review focuses on major points but does not include all information covered in the chapters.
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Exam #3 Ch. 9, 13, & 14 Review Major Points but Not All Inclusive Ch. 9 Binary fission; steps, Z ring assembly Generation Time Calculating population time (in general): you will not need a calculator Growth Curve; Lag, Log, Stationary, Death Sustainable growth and chemostat Measur...
Exam #3 Ch. 9, 13, & 14 Review Major Points but Not All Inclusive Ch. 9 Binary fission; steps, Z ring assembly Generation Time Calculating population time (in general): you will not need a calculator Growth Curve; Lag, Log, Stationary, Death Sustainable growth and chemostat Measuring growth; microscopic, fluorescent, Coulter, viable, O.D., membrane filtration, MPN How they are performed, when are they used, what are the limitations? For viable: CFU counting, pour v. spread plate, count ranges Ch. 9 Alternate patterns of growth Media used for bacterial growth: selective, differential, etc. Biofilms; steps of formation EPS Quorum sensing Human health Ch. 9 Environmental Factors and Generation Time: Oxygen: Obligate aerobes, Obligate anaerobes, Facultative anaerobes, etc. FTM, Aerotolerance pH: Neutrophiles, acidophiles, etc. Temp: mesophiles, psychrophiles, thermophiles, etc. Osmotic Pressure: halophiles, halotolerance Barometric Pressure: Light and Growth: Ch. 13 Sterilization v. disinfection v. antisepsis v. degerming v. sanitation Examples, methods, etc. BSL 1 – 4; requirements, examples Clean in clinic: cricitcal, semicritical, noncritical -cidal vs. –static Microbial death curve and DRT Ch. 13 Physical means of control: when they are used, examples, limitations, how they work, etc. Heat: dry v. moist, autoclave, pasteurization Refrigeration and freezing Pressure Desiccation; lyophilization, water activity Radiation: ionizing v. nonionizing Sonication Filtration; membrane, HEPA Ch. 13 Chemical means of control: when they are used, examples, limitations, how they work, etc. Phenolics Heavy metals Halogens Alcohols Surfactants Bisbiguanides Alkylating agents Peroxygens Supercritical fluid Food, cosmetic, and pharma preservatives Ch. 13 Disinfectant/ preservative testing: Phenol coefficient Disk diffusion Use-dilution In-Use test Ch. 14 Brief history of antimicrobials: Ehrlich Klarer, Mietzch, Domagk Fleming Hodgkin Waksman Narrow vs. broad Dosing and interactions Selective toxicity Ch. 14 Studying Antimicrobial Drugs: 1. Drug class, individual drugs 2. MOA; what’s targeted, how it works 3. Broad v. Narrow 4. What pathogens are targeted Common uses, challenges or adverse side effects Know all antimicrobials on slides for: inhibition of bacterial: cell wall, protein, membrane, metabolic pathway, nucleic acid, ATP synth Antifungals, antiprotozans, antihelminthic, antivirals (ART inhibitors) Ch. 14 Antibiotic Resistance; how it has come about and is acquired Mechanisms of resistance; examples Special resistance, MDRs: ESKAPE pathogens VRE, VRSA, VISA, MRSA, ESBLs, CRE, MDR-TB, XDR-TB Testing for efficacy: Kirby-Bauer; zone of inhibition Dilution tests: MIC, MBC, Etest Current antibiotic discovery; options, techniques
