24-25 Physical Science Midterm Study Guide PDF

24-25 Physical Science Midterm Study Guide We will review for the midterm the week of January 13. You should work on the study guide to make the most of the review days. This study guide is due ON the day of your EXAM but don’t wait until the last minute to complete it....

24-25 Physical Science Midterm Study Guide We will review for the midterm the week of January 13. You should work on the study guide to make the most of the review days. This study guide is due ON the day of your EXAM but don’t wait until the last minute to complete it. Complete on a separate sheet of paper. You will turn in your completed study guide. REMINDER: No Test Corrections or Retakes on the Midterm Exam Preparing for and taking an exam can be pretty overwhelming. Use the following ideas and questions to help you study and prepare for the midterm exam. Please note that these are sample questions and that you should be able to answer any question type based on the content/topic that we’ve covered in class. Resources: Chapter Reading Notes Class Slides/Notes Assignments/Activities Videos/Supplemental Resources Study Tips, Tools, and Tricks Vocabulary/Concepts: Below is MOST of the vocabulary we covered over the first semester. Use the vocabulary to make connections to the content. MAKE SURE TO INCLUDE AS MUCH VOCABULARY IN YOUR RESPONSES AS POSSIBLE. ONLY DEFINE TERMS YOU DON’T KNOW. Independent variable Mass GPE Dependent variable Weight Elastic energy Line/Bar Graphs Gravity Joules - kg*m2/s2 Percentage Gravitational force Atom Average speed Acceleration due to gravity Proton Velocity Newton’s Second Law Neutron Terminal Velocity Friction Electron Acceleration Air resistance Nucleus Percent Change Orbit Electron Cloud (Energy Level) Rate of Change Kepler’s 1st Law Volume Percent Difference Kepler’s 2nd Law Coulomb’s Law Percent Error Kepler’s 3rd Law Electromagnetic Radiation Interval Ellipse Wavelength Force Foci Frequency Net Force Major axis Amplitude Static electricity Balanced Forces Minor Axis Unbalanced Forces Conduction Eccentricity Free Body Diagram Friction Aphelion Momentum Induction Perihelion Elastic Collision Circuit Kinetic Energy Inelastic Collision Ohm’s Law Potential energy Impulse Resistance Motion Energy kg*m/s Current Electrical Energy Distance Voltage Thermal Energy Units Farday’s Law (Electromagnetic Radiant Energy kg Induction) Sound Energy m/s Permanent Magnet Chemical Energy m/s2 Electromagnet Nuclear Energy Newtons - kg*m/s2 Domains Units and Questions: Complete the questions in this study guide for each section we covered. Make sure to answer the questions on a separate piece of paper as you will turn in your responses on the day of the exam. Scientific Method 1) Explain the difference between the independent and dependent variables. 2) Describe what goes into a well-structured graph. 3) How do you know when to make a line graph versus a bar graph? 4) Why do you use processed data in a conclusion? Speed, Velocity, and Acceleration - use the graph to answer the questions. 1) Explain the difference between m/s and m/s2. 2) What are three things missing from this graph? List what you would include on the graph to replace the missing information. 3) Explain independent and dependent variables in terms of graphing data. 4) What is the equation for velocity? Calculate the average velocity of the object between 0 m and 250 m. 5) When is the object accelerating? Explain. 6) What is the percent difference in meters from 100 s to 200 s? Momentum 1) The diagram below shows four objects of different masses each moving at different speeds. Which one has the largest momentum? Explain why with correct vocabulary. A B C D 2) The unit for momentum is kg*m/s. Explain how this unit relates to velocity. 3) A red car with a mass of 2kg is moving at 5m/s towards a stationary blue car that has a mass of 3 kg. After the collision, the two cars stick together at a speed of 2 m/s. Complete the table. Initial Momentum Final Momentum Change in Momentum Red Cart Initial mass:______ Initial Speed:______ Blue Cart Initial Mass:______ Initial Speed:______ System Total 4) Based on your class experiences, how does this system show the Conservation of Momentum? Forces and Impulse SHOW YOUR WORK FOR ALL CALCULATIONS 1) What is force? 2) Describe the motion of an object with a balanced net force. (HINT: There are two possibilities!) 3) Describe the relationship between force, mass, and acceleration. 4) Three students push on a box. Student A pushes 50 N left, Student B pushes 30 N right, and Student C pushes 40 N right. a. Create a free-body diagram of the box and ALL the forces. b. What direction will the box move? Include the magnitude of the force. 5) How many newtons of force is represented by the following amount: 3 kg·m/s2? Justify your answer. 6) Your shopping cart has a mass of 65 kilograms. How much force needs to be applied to accelerate the shopping cart down an aisle at 0.3 m/s2? 7) Define impulse. 8) What are the units for impulse and how do they relate to momentum? Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation 1) What is the effect of the mass of two objects on the gravitational force experienced between them? 2) What is the effect of distance on the gravitational force between two objects? 3) Why does the acceleration due to gravity differ on Mars and Earth? Kepler’s Laws 1) Explain why Kepler’s 2nd Law is valid. 2) Draw and label an ellipse with an eccentricity close to zero. 3) Draw and label an ellipse with an eccentricity close to one. 4) Provide two similarities and two differences between both ellipses. 5) Draw a free-body diagram of Earth as it moves through its orbit around the Sun. Include perihelion and aphelion. Energy and Energy Transformations SHOW YOUR WORK FOR ALL CALCULATIONS 1) Create an action and energy flow chart to describe using a slingshot to launch a rock. NOTE: Complete in 6 steps and start with pulling the rock back in the slingshot and end with the rock splashing in the water. 2) What do all potential energies have in common? 3) An aircraft is taking a group of skydivers up into the air. Diver 1 is dressed in a parachuting outfit, which brings his mass to a total of 90.0 kg. The aircraft takes the group to a height of 5000.00 m before the jump. How much GPE does Diver 1 gain before jumping? 4) An astronaut with a mass of 110.0 kg visits the moon. The astronaut climbs 5.0 m up the ladder into his spacecraft and gains 880.0 J in GPE. What is the strength of gravity on the moon? 5) What do all kinetic energies have in common? 6) What is the kinetic energy of a 625 kg roller coaster car that is moving with a speed of 18.3 m/s? 7) What is the Law of Conservation of Energy? Provide an example of this law. 8) The unit for energy is Joule. Explain how a Joule relates to a Newton. 9) A person riding a bike will eventually stop going forward if the person is not pedaling. Why will the person eventually stop? Where does the energy go? Atom, Coulomb’s Law, and Static Electricity 1) Describe the structure of the atom in terms of mass and volume. 2) Define each subatomic particle. 3) What is static electricity? 4) What can cause static electricity to build up? 5) What is Coulomb’s Law and how is it used to explain static electricity? 6) Compare the equations of Coulomb’s Law and the Universal Law of Gravitation. Electromagnetic Radiation (EMR) 1) What is EMR? Explain in detail. 2) How does frequency and wavelength affect the wave type? 3) Describe, in terms of EMR, what happens when an electron moves from ground state to an excited state, and then back to ground state. Electricity and Magnetism 1) What is an electric field and how is it formed? 2) How do current, voltage, and resistance affect a circuit (Ohm’s Law)? 3) What is a magnetic field and how is it formed? 4) Explain Faraday’s Law. 5) How does electricity cause magnetism? 6) How does magnetism cause electricity? 7) Compare two EM Devices and explain how they are the reverse of each other.