23a- Biosensors.pptx

Diagnostic applications of Mabs 2 ABO kit 1 Learning objectives • The principle of ABO kit • Composition of ABO kit • The interpretation of ABO kit results Blood test kit • Compatibility between the blood groups of donor and recipient determines the success of a blood transfusion. The ABO and R...

Diagnostic applications of Mabs 2 ABO kit 1 Learning objectives • The principle of ABO kit • Composition of ABO kit • The interpretation of ABO kit results Blood test kit • Compatibility between the blood groups of donor and recipient determines the success of a blood transfusion. The ABO and Rh blood groups are looked at while conducting the test. In a diagnostic lab, Monoclonal antibodies are available for A, B, and Rh antigen. Monoclonal antibody against Antigen A (also called AntiA), comes in a small bottles with droppers; the monoclonal suspension being BLUE in colour. Anti-B comes in YELLOW colour. Anti-AB comes in WHITE and Anti-D (monoclonal antibody against Rh) is colourless. All the colour codes are universal standards. When the monoclonal antibodies are added one by one to wells that contain the test sample (blood from patient), if the RBCs in that particular sample carry the corresponding Antigen, clumps can be observed in the corresponding wells. A drop of blood is left without adding any of the antibodies; it is used as a control in the experiment. The monoclonal antibody bottles should be stored in a 3 refrigerator. 4 Diagnostic applications of Mabs 3 Biosensors Technology Learning objectives • Define Biosensors • Learn examples of biosensors: - COVID 19 Rapid test kit - Pregnancy home kit • Introduction to Biosensors: Biosensors COVID 19 Rapid test kit types: antigen (swap) and antibody (blo * General concepts: * Design of the kit: ** COVID 19 Rapid test kit (Antibody) • Results interpretation: Results obtained within half an hour Overview: Home pregnancy test kit • The home pregnancy test is a very easy do-it-yourself experiment to check for pregnancy. The kit is available as an OTC product from a pharmacy out let. • The test kit has four important areas (A B C D) along a paper wick (Next Slide). The urine or blood is applied on the far left and wicks to the right (A). The anti-hCG antibodies loosely attached to the paper are next (B). If the urine has hCG this binds to its antibody and travels along the paper as a complex. In the next area (C), a secondary antibody that only recognizes the hCG– primary antibody complex is firmly attached in a plus pattern. When the hCG complex binds to the secondary antibody, the detection system turns blue. The final spot (D) is a different secondary antibody that recognizes the primary antibody without any hCG. This is a positive control, to ensure that the antibody was released and wicked up the paper with the urine. 12 hCG = human Chorionic Gonadotropin http://howmanyweeks.com/blog/63-2/ 13 Summary • Biosensors are used for rapid diagnostic purposes. They are small kits that contain biological molecules that interact with the sample applied. • COVID 19 Rapid kit is used to detect the Corona virus infection. • Pregnancy kit is a universal kit used to detect pregnancy with in minutes. It is an OTC kit and urine sample is applied to the kit to see results.