Hematology Basics & Hematopoiesis Notes PDF

**Hematology Basics & Hematopoiesis** HEMATOLOGY What is it? Relationships What Will I Learn? Students find Hematology difficult because it requires you to think in a new way. Begin with limited knowledge: Given Facts and you must be able to answer "WHY" Given images and you must be able to r...

**Hematology Basics & Hematopoiesis** HEMATOLOGY What is it? Relationships What Will I Learn? Students find Hematology difficult because it requires you to think in a new way. Begin with limited knowledge: Given Facts and you must be able to answer "WHY" Given images and you must be able to recognize and classify This Course Hematology I -- MLTS 207 Hematology II -- MLTS 208 White Cells Coagulation Our Tool Safety First Standard Precautions PPE Hand washing Proper disposal Proper cleaning Know what to do in case of an emergency Fire Spill Needle stick QA vs QC Quality Assurance Quality Control is Analytical only -- focuses on actual measurement of the analyte Quality Control Standards / Calibrators Controls Statistical quality control system Normals AKA **[Reference ranges]** Plt 150 -- 450 X 103/ul Unique to analyte, method, instrument and patient population Delta Check Critical Values Blood Basics Average blood volume 4 -- 6 liters Blood pH = 7.35 -- 7.45 Components of whole blood 55% plasma - 44% RBCs - 1% WBCs and platelets (buffy coat) Red Blood Cell (Erythrocyte or RBC) White Blood Cell (Leukocyte or WBC) Platelets (Thrombocyte) Plasma is 91.5% water and 8.5% solutes Reference Ranges (patient normals) RBC 4.2 -- 5.4 X 1012/L (106/ul) females 4.7 -- 6.1 X 1012/L (106/ul) males WBC 5 -- 10 X 109/L (103/ul) Platelets 150 -- 450 X 109/L (103/ul) Blood Smears (Slides) Cells evaluated in an area where red cells are almost touching but do not overlap Smears can be made by hand or mechanically Smears are stained with Wright's stain Smear is examined on 100X using oil to evaluate RBC morphology RBC Morphology Red cells are biconcave disk that are 7 -- 8 um in diameter with a volume - 90fL (femtoliters) When stained they appear as: Platelet Morphology Leukocytes Segmented neutrophils - AKA segs or PMN Band neutrophils Eosinophils Basophils Lymphocytes Monocytes Hematopoiesis Definition? Daily Production Quotas Your body can: The Beginning Monophyletic Theory Hematopoietic Stem Cell Most important characteristic -- must self renew Ability to differentiate into commited progenitor cells of lymphoid or myloid lineages Maturation Process (p.20) Hematopoiesis From Coception to Adulthood (p.16) Yolk Sac (embryonic hemoglobin) Fetal Liver (fetal hemoglobin) Bone Marrow -- called medullary hematopoiesis Extramedullary Hematopoiesis is hematopoiesis outside bone marrow Erythropoiesis Definition? Mature erythrocytes carry oxygen from the lungs to tissue where it is exchanged for CO2 Erythropoietin (a cytokine) Development of Red Cell Reduction in cell volume Condensation of chromatin (Loss of nucleoli) Decrease in N:C ratio (less nucleus -- more cytoplasm) Decrease of RNA in cytoplasm Increased hemoglobin synthesis -- to a point cell turns from blue to red Developmental Stages (images p33 - 35) Rubriblast (Pronormoblast) Prorubricyte (Basophilic Normoblast) Rubricyte (Polychromatophilic Normoblast) Metarubricyte (Orthochroimatophilic Normoblast) Reticulocyte (Polychromatophilic Erythrocyte) Mature Erythrocyte Have You Seen Your Spleen Fist shaped organ located on the left side under the rib cage Blood filled organ consisting of Bone Marrow not Bowel Movement One of the largest organs in the body As you age marrow in long bones is replaced by fat Adult marrow in iliac crest and sternum. M:E ratio -Myeloid to erythroid ratio Normally 3-4:1 Why are there more myloid cells in the bone marrow and more RBCs in circulation?